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authorJay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>2007-04-16 01:54:54 +0000
committerJay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>2007-04-16 01:54:54 +0000
commit9893de2a77218b16d505b31ab6358ed4625249a9 (patch)
tree3a553c40a029883b83764997f3b437f10a87d963
parent802ed9b9e781f7e580f0248980395ffbae07abde (diff)
downloademacs-9893de2a77218b16d505b31ab6358ed4625249a9.tar.gz
(Title page): Remove the date.
(The Standard Calc Interface): Change the trail title. (Basic Arithmetic): Emphasize that / binds less strongly than *. (Copying): Move to the appendices. (GNU Free Documentation License): Add as an appendix.
-rw-r--r--man/calc.texi941
1 files changed, 474 insertions, 467 deletions
diff --git a/man/calc.texi b/man/calc.texi
index 64ee0b0c93a..15207cc59b8 100644
--- a/man/calc.texi
+++ b/man/calc.texi
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being just ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the
Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover
-Texts as in (a) below.
+Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section
+entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.''
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
@@ -111,8 +112,6 @@ Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
@sp 4
@center GNU Emacs Calc Version 2.1
@c [volume]
-@sp 1
-@center March 2005
@sp 5
@center Dave Gillespie
@center daveg@@synaptics.com
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
@c [begin]
@ifinfo
-@node Top, , (dir), (dir)
+@node Top, Getting Started, (dir), (dir)
@chapter The GNU Emacs Calculator
@noindent
@@ -145,8 +144,6 @@ longer Info tutorial.)
@end ifinfo
@menu
-* Copying:: How you can copy and share Calc.
-
* Getting Started:: General description and overview.
* Interactive Tutorial::
* Tutorial:: A step-by-step introduction for beginners.
@@ -167,7 +164,9 @@ longer Info tutorial.)
* Embedded Mode:: Working with formulas embedded in a file.
* Programming:: Calc as a programmable calculator.
-* Customizing Calc:: Customizing Calc.
+* Copying:: How you can copy and share Calc.
+* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
+* Customizing Calc:: Customizing Calc.
* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs and make suggestions.
* Summary:: Summary of Calc commands and functions.
@@ -180,400 +179,7 @@ longer Info tutorial.)
* Lisp Function Index:: Internal Lisp math functions.
@end menu
-@node Copying, Getting Started, Top, Top
-@unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-@center Version 2, June 1991
-
-@c This file is intended to be included in another file.
-
-@display
-Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
-
-Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
-of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-@end display
-
-@unnumberedsec Preamble
-
- The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
-freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
-License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
-software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
-General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
-Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
-using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
-the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
-your programs, too.
-
- When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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-have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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-@iftex
-@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
-@end iftex
-@ifinfo
-@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
-@end ifinfo
-
-@enumerate 0
-@item
-This License applies to any program or other work which contains
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-If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
-infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
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-If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
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-either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
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-If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
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-@iftex
-@heading NO WARRANTY
-@end iftex
-@ifinfo
-@center NO WARRANTY
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-BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
-FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
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-IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
-WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
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-INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
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-POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
-@end enumerate
-
-@iftex
-@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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-@ifinfo
-@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-@end ifinfo
-
-@page
-@unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
-
- If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
-possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
-free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
-
- To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
-to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
-convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
-the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
-
-@smallexample
-@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
-Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author}
-
-This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-(at your option) any later version.
-
-This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
-@end smallexample
-
-Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
-
-If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
-when it starts in an interactive mode:
-
-@smallexample
-Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author}
-Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
-This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
-under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
-@end smallexample
-
-The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
-the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
-commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
-@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
-suits your program.
-
-You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
-school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
-necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
-
-@example
-Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
-`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
-
-@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
-Ty Coon, President of Vice
-@end example
-
-This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
-proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
-consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
-library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
-Public License instead of this License.
-
-@node Getting Started, Tutorial, Copying, Top
+@node Getting Started, Interactive Tutorial, Top, Top
@chapter Getting Started
@noindent
This chapter provides a general overview of Calc, the GNU Emacs
@@ -1019,7 +625,7 @@ with the file you were editing on top and Calc on the bottom.
...
--**-Emacs: myfile (Fundamental)----All----------------------
---- Emacs Calculator Mode --- |Emacs Calc Mode v2.1 ...
+--- Emacs Calculator Mode --- |Emacs Calculator Trail
2: 17.3 | 17.3
1: -5 | 3
. | 2
@@ -1348,7 +954,7 @@ A slope of one-third corresponds to an angle of 18.4349488229 degrees.
@c [fix-ref Embedded Mode]
@xref{Embedded Mode}, for full details.
-@node Other C-x * Commands, , Embedded Mode Overview, Using Calc
+@node Other C-x * Commands, , Embedded Mode Overview, Using Calc
@subsection Other @kbd{C-x *} Commands
@noindent
@@ -1514,7 +1120,7 @@ and record them as the current keyboard macro.
its initial state: Empty stack, and initial mode settings.
@end table
-@node History and Acknowledgements, , Using Calc, Getting Started
+@node History and Acknowledgements, , Using Calc, Getting Started
@section History and Acknowledgements
@noindent
@@ -1617,7 +1223,7 @@ finished in two weeks.
@ifinfo
@c This node is accessed by the `C-x * t' command.
-@node Interactive Tutorial, , , Top
+@node Interactive Tutorial, Tutorial, Getting Started, Top
@chapter Tutorial
@noindent
@@ -1647,7 +1253,7 @@ Press @kbd{1} now to enter the first section of the Tutorial.
@end menu
@end ifinfo
-@node Tutorial, Introduction, Getting Started, Top
+@node Tutorial, Introduction, Interactive Tutorial, Top
@chapter Tutorial
@noindent
@@ -2557,7 +2163,7 @@ new number. This works for formulas, vectors, and all other types
of values you can put on the stack. The @kbd{`} key also works
during entry of a number or algebraic formula.
-@node Modes Tutorial, , Undo Tutorial, Basic Tutorial
+@node Modes Tutorial, , Undo Tutorial, Basic Tutorial
@subsection Mode-Setting Commands
@noindent
@@ -3895,7 +3501,7 @@ $$
@noindent
@xref{Matrix Answer 3, 3}. (@bullet{})
-@node List Tutorial, , Matrix Tutorial, Vector/Matrix Tutorial
+@node List Tutorial, , Matrix Tutorial, Vector/Matrix Tutorial
@subsection Vectors as Lists
@noindent
@@ -5645,7 +5251,7 @@ details and examples.
@c hard exercise: simplify (2^(n r) - 2^(r*(n - 1))) / (2^r - 1) 2^(n - 1)
@c to 2^((n-1)*(r-1)).
-@node Rewrites Tutorial, , Basic Algebra Tutorial, Algebra Tutorial
+@node Rewrites Tutorial, , Basic Algebra Tutorial, Algebra Tutorial
@subsection Rewrite Rules
@noindent
@@ -6761,7 +6367,7 @@ The rest of this manual tells the whole story.
@c Volume II of this manual, the @dfn{Calc Reference}, tells the whole story.
@page
-@node Answers to Exercises, , Programming Tutorial, Tutorial
+@node Answers to Exercises, , Programming Tutorial, Tutorial
@section Answers to Exercises
@noindent
@@ -9949,7 +9555,7 @@ first, because @code{read-kbd-macro} doesn't need to execute the
definition as it reads it in. For this reason, @code{C-x * m} is often
the easiest way to create recursive programs in Calc.
-@node Programming Answer 12, , Programming Answer 11, Answers to Exercises
+@node Programming Answer 12, , Programming Answer 11, Answers to Exercises
@subsection Programming Tutorial Exercise 12
@noindent
@@ -10742,7 +10348,7 @@ the stack and mode settings of the buffer being quit as the new defaults.
There is only one trail buffer, @samp{*Calc Trail*}, used by all
Calculator buffers.
-@node Troubleshooting Commands, , Multiple Calculators, Introduction
+@node Troubleshooting Commands, , Multiple Calculators, Introduction
@section Troubleshooting Commands
@noindent
@@ -10833,7 +10439,7 @@ If you suspect a Calculator cache has become corrupt, you can use the
The @kbd{C-x * 0} (with the zero key) command also resets caches along
with all other aspects of the Calculator's state.
-@node Debugging Calc, , Caches, Troubleshooting Commands
+@node Debugging Calc, , Caches, Troubleshooting Commands
@subsection Debugging Calc
@noindent
@@ -11910,7 +11516,7 @@ a value into any of these special variables.
@xref{Store and Recall}, for a discussion of commands dealing with variables.
-@node Formulas, , Variables, Data Types
+@node Formulas, , Variables, Data Types
@section Formulas
@noindent
@@ -12356,7 +11962,7 @@ kills the @var{n} lines below or above the selected one.
The @kbd{t .} (@code{calc-full-trail-vectors}) command is described
elsewhere; @pxref{Vector and Matrix Formats}.
-@node Keep Arguments, , Trail Commands, Stack and Trail
+@node Keep Arguments, , Trail Commands, Stack and Trail
@section Keep Arguments
@noindent
@@ -12858,7 +12464,7 @@ To update @samp{=>} operators in an Embedded buffer while
automatic recomputation is off, use @w{@kbd{C-x * u}}.
@xref{Embedded Mode}.
-@node Working Message, , Automatic Recomputation, Calculation Modes
+@node Working Message, , Automatic Recomputation, Calculation Modes
@subsection Working Messages
@noindent
@@ -13239,7 +12845,7 @@ using a variable for a new purpose, it is best to use @kbd{s d}
or @kbd{s D} to check to make sure you don't still have an old
declaration for the variable that will conflict with its new meaning.
-@node Functions for Declarations, , Kinds of Declarations, Declarations
+@node Functions for Declarations, , Kinds of Declarations, Declarations
@subsection Functions for Declarations
@noindent
@@ -13939,7 +13545,7 @@ minus sign on the year value.
If you always enter a four-digit year, and use a name instead
of a number for the month, there is no danger of ambiguity.
-@node Standard Date Formats, , Free-Form Dates, Date Formats
+@node Standard Date Formats, , Free-Form Dates, Date Formats
@subsubsection Standard Date Formats
@noindent
@@ -14074,7 +13680,7 @@ when positioning by explicit origins and widths. In the latter
case, the display is formatted as specified, and then uniformly
shifted over four spaces to fit the line numbers.
-@node Labels, , Justification, Display Modes
+@node Labels, , Justification, Display Modes
@subsection Labels
@noindent
@@ -15365,7 +14971,7 @@ For @samp{a / b} in Big mode, @code{cascent} returns 2 and @code{cdescent}
returns 1. The only formula for which @code{cascent} will return zero
is @samp{cvspace(0)} or equivalents.
-@node User-Defined Compositions, , Information about Compositions, Compositions
+@node User-Defined Compositions, , Information about Compositions, Compositions
@subsubsection User-Defined Compositions
@noindent
@@ -15496,7 +15102,7 @@ produce a large, unwieldy integer.
You can save your display formats permanently using the @kbd{Z P}
command (@pxref{Creating User Keys}).
-@node Syntax Tables, , Compositions, Language Modes
+@node Syntax Tables, , Compositions, Language Modes
@subsection Syntax Tables
@noindent
@@ -15829,7 +15435,7 @@ backs up and tries the other alternative. Thus Calc has ``partial''
backtracking. A fully backtracking parser would go on to make sure
the rest of the pattern matched before finalizing the choice.
-@node Conditional Syntax Rules, , Advanced Syntax Patterns, Syntax Tables
+@node Conditional Syntax Rules, , Advanced Syntax Patterns, Syntax Tables
@subsubsection Conditional Syntax Rules
@noindent
@@ -16005,7 +15611,7 @@ would not work for fixed-point mode, but it wouldn't be hard to
do a full emulation with the help of the @kbd{Z [} and @kbd{Z ]}
programming commands. @xref{Conditionals in Macros}.)
-@node Calc Mode Line, , Modes Variable, Mode Settings
+@node Calc Mode Line, , Modes Variable, Mode Settings
@section The Calc Mode Line
@noindent
@@ -16366,20 +15972,24 @@ whereas @w{@samp{[-2 ..@: 3] ^ 2}} is @samp{[0 ..@: 9]}.
@mindex @null
@end ignore
@tindex /
-The @kbd{/} (@code{calc-divide}) command divides two numbers. When
-dividing a scalar @expr{B} by a square matrix @expr{A}, the computation
-performed is @expr{B} times the inverse of @expr{A}. This also occurs
-if @expr{B} is itself a vector or matrix, in which case the effect is
-to solve the set of linear equations represented by @expr{B}. If @expr{B}
-is a matrix with the same number of rows as @expr{A}, or a plain vector
-(which is interpreted here as a column vector), then the equation
-@expr{A X = B} is solved for the vector or matrix @expr{X}. Otherwise,
-if @expr{B} is a non-square matrix with the same number of @emph{columns}
-as @expr{A}, the equation @expr{X A = B} is solved. If you wish a vector
-@expr{B} to be interpreted as a row vector to be solved as @expr{X A = B},
-make it into a one-row matrix with @kbd{C-u 1 v p} first. To force a
-left-handed solution with a square matrix @expr{B}, transpose @expr{A} and
-@expr{B} before dividing, then transpose the result.
+The @kbd{/} (@code{calc-divide}) command divides two numbers. Note that
+when using algebraic entry, @samp{/} has lower precedence than @samp{*},
+so that @samp{a/b*c} is interpreted as @samp{a/(b*c)}.
+
+When dividing a scalar @expr{B} by a square matrix @expr{A}, the
+computation performed is @expr{B} times the inverse of @expr{A}. This
+also occurs if @expr{B} is itself a vector or matrix, in which case the
+effect is to solve the set of linear equations represented by @expr{B}.
+If @expr{B} is a matrix with the same number of rows as @expr{A}, or a
+plain vector (which is interpreted here as a column vector), then the
+equation @expr{A X = B} is solved for the vector or matrix @expr{X}.
+Otherwise, if @expr{B} is a non-square matrix with the same number of
+@emph{columns} as @expr{A}, the equation @expr{X A = B} is solved. If
+you wish a vector @expr{B} to be interpreted as a row vector to be
+solved as @expr{X A = B}, make it into a one-row matrix with @kbd{C-u 1
+v p} first. To force a left-handed solution with a square matrix
+@expr{B}, transpose @expr{A} and @expr{B} before dividing, then
+transpose the result.
HMS forms can be divided by real numbers or by other HMS forms. Error
forms can be divided in any combination of ways. Modulo forms where both
@@ -17363,7 +16973,7 @@ any date form and returns 1 if that date falls on a weekend or
holiday, as defined in @code{Holidays}, or 0 if the date is a
business day.
-@node Time Zones, , Business Days, Date Arithmetic
+@node Time Zones, , Business Days, Date Arithmetic
@subsection Time Zones
@noindent
@@ -18010,7 +17620,7 @@ Summing columns with @kbd{V R : +} yields @expr{[10000, 10000, 10000]};
the total depreciation in any method is (by definition) the
difference between the cost and the salvage value.
-@node Definitions of Financial Functions, , Depreciation Functions, Financial Functions
+@node Definitions of Financial Functions, , Depreciation Functions, Financial Functions
@subsection Definitions
@noindent
@@ -18165,7 +17775,7 @@ and the depreciation is zero for all subsequent periods. The @code{ddb}
function returns the amount the book value decreased in the specified
period.
-@node Binary Functions, , Financial Functions, Arithmetic
+@node Binary Functions, , Financial Functions, Arithmetic
@section Binary Number Functions
@noindent
@@ -19096,7 +18706,7 @@ elements of this vector. @xref{Matrix Functions}.
* Random Number Generator:: (Complete description of Calc's algorithm)
@end menu
-@node Random Number Generator, , Random Numbers, Random Numbers
+@node Random Number Generator, , Random Numbers, Random Numbers
@subsection Random Number Generator
Calc's random number generator uses several methods to ensure that
@@ -19412,7 +19022,7 @@ distinct factors, this is @expr{(-1)^k}. If the input number has any
duplicate factors (i.e., can be divided by the same prime more than once),
the result is zero.
-@node Probability Distribution Functions, , Combinatorial Functions, Scientific Functions
+@node Probability Distribution Functions, , Combinatorial Functions, Scientific Functions
@section Probability Distribution Functions
@noindent
@@ -20862,7 +20472,7 @@ arguments, interpreted in the same way as the other functions
in this section. For example, @samp{vflat(1, [2, [3, 4]], 5)}
returns @samp{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}.
-@node Paired-Sample Statistics, , Single-Variable Statistics, Statistical Operations
+@node Paired-Sample Statistics, , Single-Variable Statistics, Statistical Operations
@subsection Paired-Sample Statistics
@noindent
@@ -21354,7 +20964,7 @@ computes the square root of @samp{A} given the initial guess @samp{B},
stopping when the result is correct within the specified tolerance, or
when 20 steps have been taken, whichever is sooner.
-@node Generalized Products, , Nesting and Fixed Points, Reducing and Mapping
+@node Generalized Products, , Nesting and Fixed Points, Reducing and Mapping
@subsection Generalized Products
@kindex V O
@@ -21389,7 +20999,7 @@ use @kbd{$} twice to take both operator formulas from the stack, the
first (multiplicative) operator is taken from the top of the stack
and the second (additive) operator is taken from second-to-top.
-@node Vector and Matrix Formats, , Reducing and Mapping, Matrix Functions
+@node Vector and Matrix Formats, , Reducing and Mapping, Matrix Functions
@section Vector and Matrix Display Formats
@noindent
@@ -22010,7 +21620,7 @@ to be simplified.
@end group
@end smallexample
-@node Rearranging with Selections, , Operating on Selections, Selecting Subformulas
+@node Rearranging with Selections, , Operating on Selections, Selecting Subformulas
@subsection Rearranging Formulas using Selections
@noindent
@@ -23108,7 +22718,7 @@ on whether you believe @expr{x} is positive or negative).
The @kbd{a M /} command can be used to divide a factor out of
both sides of an inequality.
-@node Simplification of Units, , Unsafe Simplifications, Simplifying Formulas
+@node Simplification of Units, , Unsafe Simplifications, Simplifying Formulas
@subsection Simplification of Units
@noindent
@@ -23742,7 +23352,7 @@ The integral of @samp{1/sqrt(x)} from 0 to 1 exists (it can be found
by Calc's symbolic integrator, for example), but @kbd{a I} will fail
because the integrand goes to infinity at one of the endpoints.
-@node Taylor Series, , Numerical Integration, Calculus
+@node Taylor Series, , Numerical Integration, Calculus
@subsection Taylor Series
@noindent
@@ -23988,7 +23598,7 @@ Another way to deal with certain kinds of overdetermined systems of
equations is the @kbd{a F} command, which does least-squares fitting
to satisfy the equations. @xref{Curve Fitting}.
-@node Decomposing Polynomials, , Solving Systems of Equations, Solving Equations
+@node Decomposing Polynomials, , Solving Systems of Equations, Solving Equations
@subsection Decomposing Polynomials
@noindent
@@ -24299,7 +23909,7 @@ the initial guess is a complex number the variable will be minimized
over the complex numbers; if it is real or an interval it will
be minimized over the reals.
-@node Numerical Systems of Equations, , Minimization, Numerical Solutions
+@node Numerical Systems of Equations, , Minimization, Numerical Solutions
@subsection Systems of Equations
@noindent
@@ -25347,7 +24957,7 @@ linearizer was unable to put the model into the required form.
The @code{efit} (corresponding to @kbd{H a F}) and @code{xfit}
(for @kbd{I a F}) functions are completely analogous.
-@node Interpolation, , Curve Fitting Details, Curve Fitting
+@node Interpolation, , Curve Fitting Details, Curve Fitting
@subsection Polynomial Interpolation
@kindex a p
@@ -25944,7 +25554,7 @@ declarations are used when deciding whether a formula is true;
it returns 0 when @code{dnonzero} would return 0 or leave itself
in symbolic form.)
-@node Rewrite Rules, , Logical Operations, Algebra
+@node Rewrite Rules, , Logical Operations, Algebra
@section Rewrite Rules
@noindent
@@ -27611,7 +27221,7 @@ buffer (with @kbd{C-x k *Trace* @key{RET}}). If you leave it in
existence and forget about it, all your future rewrite commands will
be needlessly slow.
-@node Examples of Rewrite Rules, , Debugging Rewrites, Rewrite Rules
+@node Examples of Rewrite Rules, , Debugging Rewrites, Rewrite Rules
@subsection Examples of Rewrite Rules
@noindent
@@ -28033,7 +27643,7 @@ really is unitless.)
@c Describe angular units, luminosity vs. steradians problem.
-@node User-Defined Units, , Predefined Units, Units
+@node User-Defined Units, , Predefined Units, Units
@section User-Defined Units
@noindent
@@ -28577,7 +28187,7 @@ example, letting @expr{n=2} in @samp{f(n pi)} with @kbd{a b} will
produce @samp{f(2 pi)}, whereas @kbd{s l} would give @samp{f(6.28)}
since the evaluation step will also evaluate @code{pi}.
-@node Evaluates-To Operator, , Let Command, Store and Recall
+@node Evaluates-To Operator, , Let Command, Store and Recall
@section The Evaluates-To Operator
@noindent
@@ -29210,7 +28820,7 @@ lines, and the third curve to have lines in style 3. Point styles will
still be assigned automatically, but you could store another vector in
@code{PointStyles} to define them, too.
-@node Devices, , Graphics Options, Graphics
+@node Devices, , Graphics Options, Graphics
@section Graphical Devices
@noindent
@@ -29641,7 +29251,7 @@ The @kbd{C-x * y} key sequence is equivalent to @kbd{y} except that
it can be typed anywhere, not just in Calc. This provides an easy
way to guarantee that Calc knows which editing buffer you want to use!
-@node X Cut and Paste, , Yanking Into Buffers, Kill and Yank
+@node X Cut and Paste, , Yanking Into Buffers, Kill and Yank
@section X Cut and Paste
@noindent
@@ -30011,7 +29621,7 @@ With @key{INV}, @key{HYP}, or @key{INV} and @key{HYP}, the
@kbd{"x"} key pushes the variable names @expr{y}, @expr{z}, and
@expr{t}, respectively.
-@node Keypad Modes Menu, , Keypad Vectors Menu, Keypad Mode
+@node Keypad Modes Menu, , Keypad Vectors Menu, Keypad Mode
@section Modes Menu
@smallexample
@@ -30803,7 +30413,7 @@ annotations at all.
When Embedded mode is not enabled, mode-recording modes except
for @code{Save} have no effect.
-@node Customizing Embedded Mode, , Mode Settings in Embedded Mode, Embedded Mode
+@node Customizing Embedded Mode, , Mode Settings in Embedded Mode, Embedded Mode
@section Customizing Embedded Mode
@noindent
@@ -30957,7 +30567,7 @@ is simply a newline, @code{"\n"}, but may be different for different
major modes. If you change this, it is a good idea still to end with a
newline so that mode annotations will appear on lines by themselves.
-@node Programming, Customizing Calc, Embedded Mode, Top
+@node Programming, Copying, Embedded Mode, Top
@chapter Programming
@noindent
@@ -31410,7 +31020,7 @@ The contents of the stack and trail, values of non-quick variables, and
other settings such as the language mode and the various display modes,
are @emph{not} affected by @kbd{Z `} and @kbd{Z '}.
-@node Queries in Macros, , Local Values in Macros, Keyboard Macros
+@node Queries in Macros, , Local Values in Macros, Keyboard Macros
@subsection Queries in Keyboard Macros
@c @noindent
@@ -31595,7 +31205,7 @@ default simplifications cures this problem: The definition will be stored
in symbolic form without ever activating the @code{deriv} function. Press
@kbd{m D} to turn the default simplifications back on afterwards.
-@node Lisp Definitions, , Algebraic Definitions, Programming
+@node Lisp Definitions, , Algebraic Definitions, Programming
@section Programming with Lisp
@noindent
@@ -32300,7 +31910,7 @@ actually they are less efficient because each operation is really
a division by 512 in disguise; @code{idivmod} allows us to do the
same thing with a single division by 512.
-@node Sine Example, , Bit Counting Example, Example Definitions
+@node Sine Example, , Bit Counting Example, Example Definitions
@subsubsection The Sine Function
@noindent
@@ -32780,7 +32390,7 @@ Note the use of @code{insert-before-markers} when changing between
``F'' and ``C'', so that the character winds up before the cursor
instead of after it.
-@node Internals, , Calling Calc from Your Programs, Lisp Definitions
+@node Internals, , Calling Calc from Your Programs, Lisp Definitions
@subsection Calculator Internals
@noindent
@@ -34672,7 +34282,7 @@ If composition @var{c} is a ``flat'' composition, return the last
@comment @noindent
@comment (This section is currently unfinished.)
-@node Hooks, , Formatting Lisp Functions, Internals
+@node Hooks, , Formatting Lisp Functions, Internals
@subsubsection Hooks
@noindent
@@ -34836,7 +34446,404 @@ used the first time, your hook should add a variable to the
list and also call @code{make-local-variable} itself.
@end defvar
-@node Customizing Calc, Reporting Bugs, Programming, Top
+@node Copying, GNU Free Documentation License, Programming, Top
+@appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+@center Version 2, June 1991
+
+@c This file is intended to be included in another file.
+
+@display
+Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+@end display
+
+@unnumberedsec Preamble
+
+ The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+ When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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+if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+ To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+ For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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+
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+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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+
+ Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
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+
+ Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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+
+@iftex
+@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+@end iftex
+@ifinfo
+@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+@end ifinfo
+
+@enumerate 0
+@item
+This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
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+
+Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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+
+@item
+You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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+
+You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
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+
+@item
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+
+@enumerate a
+@item
+You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+@item
+You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
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+
+@item
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+@end enumerate
+
+These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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+
+@item
+You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
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+Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+@enumerate a
+@item
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+@item
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+@item
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+If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
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+@item
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
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+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
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+@item
+If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
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+@iftex
+@heading NO WARRANTY
+@end iftex
+@ifinfo
+@center NO WARRANTY
+@end ifinfo
+
+@item
+BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
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+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+@end enumerate
+
+@iftex
+@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+@end iftex
+@ifinfo
+@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+@end ifinfo
+
+@page
+@unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+ If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+ To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+@smallexample
+@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
+Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author}
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+@end smallexample
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+@smallexample
+Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author}
+Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+@end smallexample
+
+The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
+the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
+commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
+@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
+suits your program.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
+necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+@example
+Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
+Ty Coon, President of Vice
+@end example
+
+This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.
+
+@node GNU Free Documentation License, Customizing Calc, Copying, Top
+@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
+@include doclicense.texi
+
+@node Customizing Calc, Reporting Bugs, GNU Free Documentation License, Top
@appendix Customizing Calc
The usual prefix for Calc is the key sequence @kbd{C-x *}. If you wish
@@ -36461,7 +36468,7 @@ in your Calc init file or @file{.emacs} file.
@printindex vr
-@node Lisp Function Index, , Variable Index, Top
+@node Lisp Function Index, , Variable Index, Top
@unnumbered Index of Lisp Math Functions
The following functions are meant to be used with @code{defmath}, not