Merge from origin/emacs-29

8360e12f0ea Update to Org 9.6.1-23-gc45a05
9058601308d ; * doc/emacs/misc.texi (Document View): Remove @footnote...
197f994384c Document tree-sitter features in the user manual
b73539832d9 ; Remove treesit--font-lock-fast-mode-grace-count
64fee21d5f8 Fix dockerfile-ts-mode line continuation indentation (bug...
1970726e26a Use treesit-subtree-stat to determine treesit--font-lock-...
382e018856a Add treesit-subtree-stat
a3003492ace Move c-ts-mode--statement-offset to c-ts-common.el
4b1714571c8 ; Fix byte-compile warnings in c-ts-mode.el
f50cb7d7c4b ; Improve docstring of c-ts-mode--indent-style-setter
1c3ca3bb649 Fix <> syntax in rust-ts-mode
56e8607dc99 Fix spurious errors on Windows when deleting temporary *....
2bd0b947538 Fix java class member without access modifier (bug#61115)
1de6ebf2878 Make treesit-font-lock-level a defcustom
6e50ee8bbb5 Add c-ts-mode-set-style and :set for c-ts-mode-indent-style
450db0587a9 Minor documentation improvements for outline-minor-mode (...
578e8926713 ; * doc/lispref/variables.texi (File Local Variables): Im...
bc5ee2b7bf0 ; * src/comp.c: Remove Local Variables section to avoid w...
362678d90e1 python.el: Use correct regexp when enabling python-ts-mode
76bb46db9df ; * doc/emacs/frames.texi (Mouse References): Improve ind...

# Conflicts:
#	doc/emacs/programs.texi
#	etc/NEWS
#	lisp/progmodes/c-ts-mode.el

25 files changed, 566 insertions, 226 deletions

diff --git a/doc/emacs/display.texi b/doc/emacs/display.texi
index f77ab569483..97732b65e32 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/display.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/display.texi
@@ -1024,17 +1024,65 @@ customize-group @key{RET} font-lock-faces @key{RET}}.  You can then
 use that customization buffer to customize the appearance of these
 faces.  @xref{Face Customization}.
 
+@cindex just-in-time (JIT) font-lock
+@cindex background syntax highlighting
+  Fontifying very large buffers can take a long time.  To avoid large
+delays when a file is visited, Emacs initially fontifies only the
+visible portion of a buffer.  As you scroll through the buffer, each
+portion that becomes visible is fontified as soon as it is displayed;
+this type of Font Lock is called @dfn{Just-In-Time} (or @dfn{JIT})
+Lock.  You can control how JIT Lock behaves, including telling it to
+perform fontification while idle, by customizing variables in the
+customization group @samp{jit-lock}.  @xref{Specific Customization}.
+
+  The information that major modes use for determining which parts of
+buffer text to fontify and what faces to use can be based on several
+different ways of analyzing the text:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Search for keywords and other textual patterns based on regular
+expressions (@pxref{Regexp Search,, Regular Expression Search}).
+
+@item
+Find syntactically distinct parts of text based on built-in syntax
+tables (@pxref{Syntax Tables,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference
+Manual}).
+
+@item
+Use syntax tree produced by a full-blown parser, via a special-purpose
+library, such as the tree-sitter library (@pxref{Parsing Program
+Source,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}), or an external
+program.
+@end itemize
+
+@menu
+* Traditional Font Lock::  Font Lock based on regexps and syntax tables.
+* Parser-based Font Lock:: Font Lock based on external parser.
+@end menu
+
+@node Traditional Font Lock
+@subsection Traditional Font Lock
+@cindex traditional font-lock
+
+  ``Traditional'' methods of providing font-lock information are based
+on regular-expression search and on syntactic analysis using syntax
+tables built into Emacs.  This subsection describes the use and
+customization of font-lock for major modes which use these traditional
+methods.
+
 @vindex font-lock-maximum-decoration
-  You can customize the variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration}
-to alter the amount of fontification applied by Font Lock mode, for
-major modes that support this feature.  The value should be a number
-(with 1 representing a minimal amount of fontification; some modes
-support levels as high as 3); or @code{t}, meaning ``as high as
-possible'' (the default).  To be effective for a given file buffer,
-the customization of @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} should be
-done @emph{before} the file is visited; if you already have the file
-visited in a buffer when you customize this variable, kill the buffer
-and visit the file again after the customization.
+  You can control the amount of fontification applied by Font Lock
+mode by customizing the variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration},
+for major modes that support this feature.  The value of this variable
+should be a number (with 1 representing a minimal amount of
+fontification; some modes support levels as high as 3); or @code{t},
+meaning ``as high as possible'' (the default).  To be effective for a
+given file buffer, the customization of
+@code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} should be done @emph{before} the
+file is visited; if you already have the file visited in a buffer when
+you customize this variable, kill the buffer and visit the file again
+after the customization.
 
 You can also specify different numbers for particular major modes; for
 example, to use level 1 for C/C++ modes, and the default level
@@ -1082,16 +1130,59 @@ keywords by customizing the @code{font-lock-ignore} option,
 @pxref{Customizing Keywords,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference
 Manual}.
 
-@cindex just-in-time (JIT) font-lock
-@cindex background syntax highlighting
-  Fontifying large buffers can take a long time.  To avoid large
-delays when a file is visited, Emacs initially fontifies only the
-visible portion of a buffer.  As you scroll through the buffer, each
-portion that becomes visible is fontified as soon as it is displayed;
-this type of Font Lock is called @dfn{Just-In-Time} (or @dfn{JIT})
-Lock.  You can control how JIT Lock behaves, including telling it to
-perform fontification while idle, by customizing variables in the
-customization group @samp{jit-lock}.  @xref{Specific Customization}.
+@node Parser-based Font Lock
+@subsection Parser-based Font Lock
+@cindex font-lock via tree-sitter
+@cindex parser-based font-lock
+  If your Emacs was built with the tree-sitter library, it can use the
+results of parsing the buffer text by that library for the purposes of
+fontification.  This is usually faster and more accurate than the
+``traditional'' methods described in the previous subsection, since
+the tree-sitter library provides full-blown parsers for programming
+languages and other kinds of formatted text which it supports.  Major
+modes which utilize the tree-sitter library are named
+@code{@var{foo}-ts-mode}, with the @samp{-ts-} part indicating the use
+of the library.  This subsection documents the Font Lock support based
+on the tree-sitter library.
+
+@vindex treesit-font-lock-level
+  You can control the amount of fontification applied by Font Lock
+mode of major modes based on tree-sitter by customizing the variable
+@code{treesit-font-lock-level}.  Its value is a number between 1 and
+4:
+
+@table @asis
+@item Level 1
+This level usually fontifies only comments and function names in
+function definitions.
+@item Level 2
+This level adds fontification of keywords, strings, and data types.
+@item Level 3
+This is the default level; it adds fontification of assignments,
+numbers, properties, etc.
+@item Level 4
+This level adds everything else that can be fontified: operators,
+delimiters, brackets, other punctuation, function names in function
+calls, variables, etc.
+@end table
+
+@vindex treesit-font-lock-feature-list
+@noindent
+What exactly constitutes each of the syntactical categories mentioned
+above depends on the major mode and the parser grammar used by
+tree-sitter for the major-mode's language.  However, in general the
+categories follow the conventions of the programming language or the
+file format supported by the major mode.  The buffer-local value of
+the variable @code{treesit-font-lock-feature-list} holds the
+fontification features supported by a tree-sitter based major mode,
+where each sub-list shows the features provided by the corresponding
+fontification level.
+
+  Once you change the value of @code{treesit-font-lock-level} via
+@w{@kbd{M-x customize-variable}} (@pxref{Specific Customization}), it
+takes effect immediately in all the existing buffers and for files you
+visit in the future in the same session.
+
 
 @node Highlight Interactively
 @section Interactive Highlighting
diff --git a/doc/emacs/emacs.texi b/doc/emacs/emacs.texi
index b6d149eb3ef..7071ea44edd 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/emacs.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/emacs.texi
@@ -383,6 +383,10 @@ Controlling the Display
 * Visual Line Mode::       Word wrap and screen line-based editing.
 * Display Custom::         Information on variables for customizing display.
 
+Font Lock
+* Traditional Font Lock::  Font Lock based on regexps and syntax tables.
+* Parser-based Font Lock:: Font Lock based on external parser.
+
 Searching and Replacement
 
 * Incremental Search::     Search happens as you type the string.
diff --git a/doc/emacs/files.texi b/doc/emacs/files.texi
index 42e252c417b..664b9d5d9a3 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/files.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/files.texi
@@ -215,6 +215,17 @@ by the integers that Emacs can represent (@pxref{Buffers}).  If you
 try, Emacs displays an error message saying that the maximum buffer
 size has been exceeded.
 
+@vindex treesit-max-buffer-size
+  If you try to visit a file whose major mode (@pxref{Major Modes})
+uses the tree-sitter parsing library, Emacs will display a warning if
+the file's size in bytes is larger than the value of the variable
+@code{treesit-max-buffer-size}.  The default value is 40 megabytes for
+64-bit Emacs and 15 megabytes for 32-bit Emacs.  This avoids the
+danger of having Emacs run out of memory by preventing the activation
+of major modes based on tree-sitter in such large buffers, because a
+typical tree-sitter parser needs about 10 times as much memory as the
+text it parses.
+
 @cindex wildcard characters in file names
 @vindex find-file-wildcards
   If the file name you specify contains shell-style wildcard
diff --git a/doc/emacs/frames.texi b/doc/emacs/frames.texi
index 3ee6eb59dbb..ce631561be7 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/frames.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/frames.texi
@@ -334,6 +334,7 @@ In this way, you can use the mouse to move point over a button without
 activating it.  Dragging the mouse over or onto a button has its usual
 behavior of setting the region, and does not activate the button.
 
+@vindex mouse-1-click-follows-link
   You can change how @kbd{mouse-1} applies to buttons by customizing
 the variable @code{mouse-1-click-follows-link}.  If the value is a
 positive integer, that determines how long you need to hold the mouse
diff --git a/doc/emacs/misc.texi b/doc/emacs/misc.texi
index 3ee8ee5ee39..a5e1689b6c7 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/misc.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/misc.texi
@@ -470,11 +470,7 @@ documents.  It provides features such as slicing, zooming, and
 searching inside documents.  It works by converting the document to a
 set of images using the @command{gs} (GhostScript) or
 @command{pdfdraw}/@command{mutool draw} (MuPDF) commands and other
-external tools @footnote{PostScript files require GhostScript, DVI
-files require @code{dvipdf} or @code{dvipdfm}, OpenDocument and
-Microsoft Office documents require the @code{unoconv} tool, and EPUB,
-CBZ, FB2, XPS and OXPS files require @code{mutool} to be available.},
-and displaying those images.
+external tools, and then displays those converted images.
 
 @findex doc-view-toggle-display
 @findex doc-view-minor-mode
diff --git a/doc/emacs/programs.texi b/doc/emacs/programs.texi
index 065ed1c51f7..d983c2b59c6 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/programs.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/programs.texi
@@ -255,6 +255,17 @@ they do their standard jobs in a way better fitting a particular
 language.  Other major modes may replace any or all of these key
 bindings for that purpose.
 
+@cindex nested defuns
+@vindex treesit-defun-tactic
+  Some programming languages supported @dfn{nested defuns}, whereby a
+defun (such as a function or a method or a class) can be defined
+inside (i.e., as part of the body) of another defun.  The commands
+described above by default find the beginning and the end of the
+@emph{innermost} defun around point.  Major modes based on the
+tree-sitter library provide control of this behavior: if the variable
+@code{treesit-defun-tactic} is set to the value @code{top-level}, the
+defun commands will find the @emph{outermost} defuns instead.
+
 @node Moving by Sentences
 @subsection Moving by Sentences
 @cindex sentences, in programming languages
@@ -599,15 +610,19 @@ then indent it like this:
 @item C-c C-q
 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(C mode)}
 @findex c-indent-defun
+@findex c-ts-mode-indent-defun
 Reindent the current top-level function definition or aggregate type
-declaration (@code{c-indent-defun}).
+declaration (@code{c-indent-defun} in CC mode,
+@code{c-ts-mode-indent-defun} in @code{c-ts-mode} based on tree-sitter).
 
 @item C-M-q
 @kindex C-M-q @r{(C mode)}
 @findex c-indent-exp
-Reindent each line in the balanced expression that follows point
-(@code{c-indent-exp}).  A prefix argument inhibits warning messages
-about invalid syntax.
+@findex prog-indent-sexp
+Reindent each line in the balanced expression that follows point.  In
+CC mode, this invokes @code{c-indent-exp}; in tree-sitter based
+@code{c-ts-mode} this invokes a more general @code{prog-indent-sexp}.
+A prefix argument inhibits warning messages about invalid syntax.
 
 @item @key{TAB}
 @findex c-indent-line-or-region
@@ -647,7 +662,8 @@ onto the indentation of the @dfn{anchor statement}.
 
 @table @kbd
 @item C-c . @var{style} @key{RET}
-Select a predefined style @var{style} (@code{c-set-style}).
+Select a predefined style @var{style} (@code{c-set-style} in CC mode,
+@code{c-ts-mode-set-style} in @code{c-ts-mode} based on tree-sitter).
 @end table
 
   A @dfn{style} is a named collection of customizations that can be
@@ -663,6 +679,7 @@ typing @kbd{C-M-q} at the start of a function definition.
 
 @kindex C-c . @r{(C mode)}
 @findex c-set-style
+@findex c-ts-mode-set-style
   To choose a style for the current buffer, use the command @w{@kbd{C-c
 .}}.  Specify a style name as an argument (case is not significant).
 This command affects the current buffer only, and it affects only
@@ -671,11 +688,11 @@ the code already in the buffer.  To reindent the whole buffer in the
 new style, you can type @kbd{C-x h C-M-\}.
 
 @vindex c-default-style
-  You can also set the variable @code{c-default-style} to specify the
-default style for various major modes.  Its value should be either the
-style's name (a string) or an alist, in which each element specifies
-one major mode and which indentation style to use for it.  For
-example,
+  When using CC mode, you can also set the variable
+@code{c-default-style} to specify the default style for various major
+modes.  Its value should be either the style's name (a string) or an
+alist, in which each element specifies one major mode and which
+indentation style to use for it.  For example,
 
 @example
 (setq c-default-style
@@ -692,6 +709,11 @@ one of the C-like major modes; thus, if you specify a new default
 style for Java mode, you can make it take effect in an existing Java
 mode buffer by typing @kbd{M-x java-mode} there.
 
+@vindex c-ts-mode-indent-style
+  When using the tree-sitter based @code{c-ts-mode}, you can set the
+default indentation style by customizing the variable
+@code{c-ts-mode-indent-style}.
+
   The @code{gnu} style specifies the formatting recommended by the GNU
 Project for C; it is the default, so as to encourage use of our
 recommended style.
diff --git a/doc/emacs/text.texi b/doc/emacs/text.texi
index 78e89d8031a..18f2274cfa6 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/text.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/text.texi
@@ -1021,14 +1021,16 @@ this variable is @code{insert}, the buttons are inserted directly into
 the buffer text, so @key{RET} on the button will also toggle display
 of the section, like a mouse click does.  If the value is
 @code{in-margins}, Outline minor mode will use the window margins to
-indicate that a section is hidden.
+indicate that a section is hidden.  The buttons are customizable as icons
+(@pxref{Icons}).
 
 @vindex outline-minor-mode-cycle
   If the @code{outline-minor-mode-cycle} user option is
-non-@code{nil}, the @kbd{TAB} and @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} keys are enabled on the
-outline heading lines.  @kbd{TAB} cycles hiding, showing the
-sub-heading, and showing all for the current section.  @kbd{S-@key{TAB}}
-does the same for the entire buffer.
+non-@code{nil}, the @kbd{TAB} and @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} keys that cycle
+the visibility are enabled on the outline heading lines
+(@pxref{Outline Visibility, outline-cycle}).  @kbd{TAB} cycles hiding,
+showing the sub-heading, and showing all for the current section.
+@kbd{S-@key{TAB}} does the same for the entire buffer.
 
 @node Outline Format
 @subsection Format of Outlines
diff --git a/doc/lispref/variables.texi b/doc/lispref/variables.texi
index 39d0906f6c4..5584cbce9a6 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/variables.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/variables.texi
@@ -2023,6 +2023,7 @@ file-local variables stored in @code{file-local-variables-alist}.
 @end defvar
 
 @cindex safe local variable
+@cindex @code{safe-local-variable}, property of variable
   You can specify safe values for a variable with a
 @code{safe-local-variable} property.  The property has to be a
 function of one argument; any value is safe if the function returns
diff --git a/etc/NEWS.29 b/etc/NEWS.29
index 4d199676848..fb211f9b7d0 100644
--- a/etc/NEWS.29
+++ b/etc/NEWS.29
@@ -1018,6 +1018,8 @@ quotes removed.
 
 ---
 *** 'M-x apropos-variable' output now includes values of variables.
+Such apropos buffer is more easily viewed with outlining after
+enabling 'outline-minor-mode' in 'apropos-mode'.
 
 +++
 *** New docstring syntax to indicate that symbols shouldn't be links.
@@ -2480,6 +2482,10 @@ matches.
 ---
 *** New function 'xref-show-xrefs'.
 
+*** 'outline-minor-mode' is supported in Xref buffers.
+You can enable outlining by adding 'outline-minor-mode' to
+'xref-after-update-hook'.
+
 ** File Notifications
 
 +++
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/comp.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/comp.el
index 4c423be06c4..d2e7d933f4f 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/comp.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/comp.el
@@ -4112,13 +4112,16 @@ the deferred compilation mechanism."
                 (native-elisp-load data)))
           ;; We may have created a temporary file when we're being
           ;; called with something other than a file as the argument.
-          ;; Delete it.
+          ;; Delete it if we can.
           (when (and (not (stringp function-or-file))
                      (not output)
                      comp-ctxt
                      (comp-ctxt-output comp-ctxt)
                      (file-exists-p (comp-ctxt-output comp-ctxt)))
-            (delete-file (comp-ctxt-output comp-ctxt))))))))
+            (cond ((eq 'windows-nt system-type)
+                   ;; We may still be using the temporary .eln file.
+                   (ignore-errors (delete-file (comp-ctxt-output comp-ctxt))))
+                  (t (delete-file (comp-ctxt-output comp-ctxt))))))))))
 
 (defun native-compile-async-skip-p (file load selector)
   "Return non-nil if FILE's compilation should be skipped.
diff --git a/lisp/org/org-agenda.el b/lisp/org/org-agenda.el
index 2d194ad3413..63107e8e6a4 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org-agenda.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org-agenda.el
@@ -3474,13 +3474,17 @@ This ensures the export commands can easily use it."
     (when (setq tmp (plist-get props 'date))
       (when (integerp tmp) (setq tmp (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute tmp)))
       (let ((calendar-date-display-form
-             '(year "-" (string-pad month 2 ?0 'left) "-" (string-pad day 2 ?0 'left))))
+             '((format "%s-%.2d-%.2d" year
+                       (string-to-number month)
+                       (string-to-number day)))))
 	(setq tmp (calendar-date-string tmp)))
       (setq props (plist-put props 'date tmp)))
     (when (setq tmp (plist-get props 'day))
       (when (integerp tmp) (setq tmp (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute tmp)))
       (let ((calendar-date-display-form
-             '(year "-" (string-pad month 2 ?0 'left) "-" (string-pad day 2 ?0 'left))))
+             '((format "%s-%.2d-%.2d" year
+                       (string-to-number month)
+                       (string-to-number day)))))
 	(setq tmp (calendar-date-string tmp)))
       (setq props (plist-put props 'day tmp))
       (setq props (plist-put props 'agenda-day tmp)))
diff --git a/lisp/org/org-macs.el b/lisp/org/org-macs.el
index 07c668a807d..8d7b0b034f8 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org-macs.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org-macs.el
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
   ;; `org-git-version' check because the generated Org version strings
   ;; will not match.
   `(unless (equal (org-release) ,(org-release))
-     (warn "Org version mismatch.  Make sure that correct `load-path' is set early in init.el
+     (warn "Org version mismatch.  Org loading aborted.
 This warning usually appears when a built-in Org version is loaded
 prior to the more recent Org version.
 
diff --git a/lisp/org/org-version.el b/lisp/org/org-version.el
index 22f952d7a30..8372a0be4a5 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org-version.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org-version.el
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Inserted by installing Org mode or when a release is made."
 (defun org-git-version ()
   "The Git version of Org mode.
 Inserted by installing Org or when a release is made."
-   (let ((org-git-version "release_9.6.1-16-ge37e9b"))
+   (let ((org-git-version "release_9.6.1-23-gc45a05"))
      org-git-version))
 
 (provide 'org-version)
diff --git a/lisp/org/org.el b/lisp/org/org.el
index 153e860f9a5..1b829d837c7 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org.el
@@ -8608,6 +8608,7 @@ or to another Org file, automatically push the old position onto the ring."
 (defvar org-agenda-buffer-name)
 (defun org-follow-timestamp-link ()
   "Open an agenda view for the time-stamp date/range at point."
+  (require 'org-agenda)
   ;; Avoid changing the global value.
   (let ((org-agenda-buffer-name org-agenda-buffer-name))
     (cond
diff --git a/lisp/org/ox.el b/lisp/org/ox.el
index 65f9ff18279..6f819def93a 100644
--- a/lisp/org/ox.el
+++ b/lisp/org/ox.el
@@ -6600,14 +6600,14 @@ see.
 Optional argument POST-PROCESS is a function which should accept
 no argument.  It is always called within the current process,
 from BUFFER, with point at its beginning.  Export back-ends can
-use it to set a major mode there, e.g,
+use it to set a major mode there, e.g.,
 
   (defun org-latex-export-as-latex
     (&optional async subtreep visible-only body-only ext-plist)
     (interactive)
     (org-export-to-buffer \\='latex \"*Org LATEX Export*\"
       async subtreep visible-only body-only ext-plist
-      #'LaTeX-mode))
+      #\\='LaTeX-mode))
 
 When expressed as an anonymous function, using `lambda',
 POST-PROCESS needs to be quoted.
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-common.el b/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-common.el
index 6671d4be5b6..2d4a0d41c2a 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-common.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-common.el
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ;; Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-;; Author     : 付禹安 (Yuan Fu) <casouri@gmail.com>
+;; Maintainer : 付禹安 (Yuan Fu) <casouri@gmail.com>
 ;; Keywords   : c c++ java javascript rust languages tree-sitter
 
 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@
 
 ;;; Commentary:
 ;;
-;; For C-like language major modes:
+;; This file contains functions that can be shared by C-like language
+;; major modes, like indenting and filling "/* */" block comments.
+;;
+;; For indenting and filling comments:
 ;;
 ;; - Use `c-ts-common-comment-setup' to setup comment variables and
 ;;   filling.
@@ -30,6 +33,14 @@
 ;; - Use simple-indent matcher `c-ts-common-looking-at-star' and
 ;;   anchor `c-ts-common-comment-start-after-first-star' for indenting
 ;;   block comments.  See `c-ts-mode--indent-styles' for example.
+;;
+;; For indenting statements:
+;;
+;; - Set `c-ts-common-indent-offset',
+;;   `c-ts-common-indent-block-type-regexp', and
+;;   `c-ts-common-indent-bracketless-type-regexp', then use simple-indent
+;;   offset `c-ts-common-statement-offset' in
+;;   `treesit-simple-indent-rules'.
 
 ;;; Code:
 
@@ -40,6 +51,8 @@
 (declare-function treesit-node-end "treesit.c")
 (declare-function treesit-node-type "treesit.c")
 
+;;; Comment indentation and filling
+
 (defun c-ts-common-looking-at-star (_n _p bol &rest _)
   "A tree-sitter simple indent matcher.
 Matches if there is a \"*\" after BOL."
@@ -242,6 +255,107 @@ Set up:
   (setq-local paragraph-separate paragraph-start)
   (setq-local fill-paragraph-function #'c-ts-common--fill-paragraph))
 
+;;; Statement indent
+
+(defvar c-ts-common-indent-offset nil
+  "Indent offset used by `c-ts-common' indent functions.
+
+This should be the symbol of the indent offset variable for the
+particular major mode.  This cannot be nil for `c-ts-common'
+statement indent functions to work.")
+
+(defvar c-ts-common-indent-block-type-regexp nil
+  "Regexp matching types of block nodes (i.e., {} blocks).
+
+This cannot be nil for `c-ts-common' statement indent functions
+to work.")
+
+(defvar c-ts-common-indent-bracketless-type-regexp nil
+  "A regexp matching types of bracketless constructs.
+
+These constructs include if, while, do-while, for statements.  In
+these statements, the body can omit the bracket, which requires
+special handling from our bracket-counting indent algorithm.
+
+This can be nil, meaning such special handling is not needed.")
+
+(defun c-ts-common-statement-offset (node parent &rest _)
+  "This anchor is used for children of a statement inside a block.
+
+This function basically counts the number of block nodes (i.e.,
+brackets) (defined by `c-ts-mode--indent-block-type-regexp')
+between NODE and the root node (not counting NODE itself), and
+multiply that by `c-ts-common-indent-offset'.
+
+To support GNU style, on each block level, this function also
+checks whether the opening bracket { is on its own line, if so,
+it adds an extra level, except for the top-level.
+
+PARENT is NODE's parent."
+  (let ((level 0))
+    ;; If point is on an empty line, NODE would be nil, but we pretend
+    ;; there is a statement node.
+    (when (null node)
+      (setq node t))
+    ;; If NODE is a opening bracket on its own line, take off one
+    ;; level because the code below assumes NODE is a statement
+    ;; _inside_ a {} block.
+    (when (string-match-p c-ts-common-indent-block-type-regexp
+                          (treesit-node-type node))
+      (cl-decf level))
+    ;; Go up the tree and compute indent level.
+    (while (if (eq node t)
+               (setq node parent)
+             node)
+      (when (string-match-p c-ts-common-indent-block-type-regexp
+                            (treesit-node-type node))
+        (cl-incf level)
+        (save-excursion
+          (goto-char (treesit-node-start node))
+          ;; Add an extra level if the opening bracket is on its own
+          ;; line, except (1) it's at top-level, or (2) it's immediate
+          ;; parent is another block.
+          (cond ((bolp) nil) ; Case (1).
+                ((let ((parent-type (treesit-node-type
+                                     (treesit-node-parent node))))
+                   ;; Case (2).
+                   (and parent-type
+                        (or (string-match-p
+                             c-ts-common-indent-block-type-regexp
+                             parent-type))))
+                 nil)
+                ;; Add a level.
+                ((looking-back (rx bol (* whitespace))
+                               (line-beginning-position))
+                 (cl-incf level)))))
+      (setq level (c-ts-mode--fix-bracketless-indent level node))
+      ;; Go up the tree.
+      (setq node (treesit-node-parent node)))
+    (* level (symbol-value c-ts-common-indent-offset))))
+
+(defun c-ts-mode--fix-bracketless-indent (level node)
+  "Takes LEVEL and NODE and return adjusted LEVEL.
+This fixes indentation for cases shown in bug#61026.  Basically
+in C-like syntax, statements like if, for, while sometimes omit
+the bracket in the body."
+  (let ((block-re c-ts-common-indent-block-type-regexp)
+        (statement-re
+         c-ts-common-indent-bracketless-type-regexp)
+        (node-type (treesit-node-type node))
+        (parent-type (treesit-node-type (treesit-node-parent node))))
+    (if (and block-re statement-re node-type parent-type
+             (not (string-match-p block-re node-type))
+             (string-match-p statement-re parent-type))
+        (1+ level)
+      level)))
+
+(defun c-ts-mode--close-bracket-offset (node parent &rest _)
+  "Offset for the closing bracket, NODE.
+It's basically one level less that the statements in the block.
+PARENT is NODE's parent."
+  (- (c-ts-common-statement-offset node parent)
+     (symbol-value c-ts-common-indent-offset)))
+
 (provide 'c-ts-common)
 
 ;;; c-ts-common.el ends here
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-mode.el
index 76ac92ed82d..8e9852ed4ee 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-mode.el
@@ -63,11 +63,6 @@
 ;; will set up Emacs to use the C/C++ modes defined here for other
 ;; files, provided that you have the corresponding parser grammar
 ;; libraries installed.
-;;
-;; - Use variable `c-ts-mode-indent-block-type-regexp' with indent
-;;   offset c-ts-mode--statement-offset for indenting statements.
-;;   Again, see `c-ts-mode--indent-styles' for example.
-;;
 
 ;;; Code:
 
@@ -92,6 +87,28 @@
   :safe 'integerp
   :group 'c)
 
+(defun c-ts-mode--indent-style-setter (sym val)
+  "Custom setter for `c-ts-mode-set-style'.
+Apart from setting the default value of SYM to VAL, also change
+the value of SYM in `c-ts-mode' and `c++-ts-mode' buffers to VAL."
+  (set-default sym val)
+  (named-let loop ((res nil)
+                   (buffers (buffer-list)))
+    (if (null buffers)
+        (mapc (lambda (b)
+                (with-current-buffer b
+                  (setq-local treesit-simple-indent-rules
+                              (treesit--indent-rules-optimize
+                               (c-ts-mode--get-indent-style
+                                (if (eq major-mode 'c-ts-mode) 'c 'cpp))))))
+              res)
+      (let ((buffer (car buffers)))
+        (with-current-buffer buffer
+          ;; FIXME: Should we use `derived-mode-p' here?
+          (if (or (eq major-mode 'c-ts-mode) (eq major-mode 'c++-ts-mode))
+              (loop (append res (list buffer)) (cdr buffers))
+            (loop res (cdr buffers))))))))
+
 (defcustom c-ts-mode-indent-style 'gnu
   "Style used for indentation.
 
@@ -100,13 +117,42 @@ one of the supplied styles doesn't suffice a function could be
 set instead.  This function is expected return a list that
 follows the form of `treesit-simple-indent-rules'."
   :version "29.1"
-  :type '(choice (symbol :tag "Gnu" 'gnu)
-                 (symbol :tag "K&R" 'k&r)
-                 (symbol :tag "Linux" 'linux)
-                 (symbol :tag "BSD" 'bsd)
+  :type '(choice (symbol :tag "Gnu" gnu)
+                 (symbol :tag "K&R" k&r)
+                 (symbol :tag "Linux" linux)
+                 (symbol :tag "BSD" bsd)
                  (function :tag "A function for user customized style" ignore))
+  :set #'c-ts-mode--indent-style-setter
   :group 'c)
 
+(defun c-ts-mode--get-indent-style (mode)
+  "Helper function to set indentation style.
+MODE is either `c' or `cpp'."
+  (let ((style
+         (if (functionp c-ts-mode-indent-style)
+             (funcall c-ts-mode-indent-style)
+           (alist-get c-ts-mode-indent-style (c-ts-mode--indent-styles mode)))))
+    `((,mode ,@style))))
+
+(defun c-ts-mode-set-style ()
+  "Set the indent style of C/C++ modes globally.
+
+This changes the current indent style of every C/C++ buffer and
+the default C/C++ indent style in this Emacs session."
+  (interactive)
+  ;; FIXME: Should we use `derived-mode-p' here?
+  (or (eq major-mode 'c-ts-mode) (eq major-mode 'c++-ts-mode)
+      (error "Buffer %s is not a c-ts-mode (c-ts-mode-set-style)"
+             (buffer-name)))
+  (c-ts-mode--indent-style-setter
+   'c-ts-mode-indent-style
+   ;; NOTE: We can probably use the interactive form for this.
+   (intern
+    (completing-read
+     "Select style: "
+     (mapcar #'car (c-ts-mode--indent-styles (if (eq major-mode 'c-ts-mode) 'c 'cpp)))
+     nil t nil nil "gnu"))))
+
 ;;; Syntax table
 
 (defvar c-ts-mode--syntax-table
@@ -177,7 +223,7 @@ MODE is either `c' or `cpp'."
            ;; Labels.
            ((node-is "labeled_statement") parent-bol 0)
            ((parent-is "labeled_statement")
-            point-min c-ts-mode--statement-offset)
+            point-min c-ts-common-statement-offset)
 
            ((match "preproc_ifdef" "compound_statement") point-min 0)
            ((match "#endif" "preproc_ifdef") point-min 0)
@@ -186,15 +232,6 @@ MODE is either `c' or `cpp'."
            ((match "preproc_function_def" "compound_statement") point-min 0)
            ((match "preproc_call" "compound_statement") point-min 0)
 
-           ;; {} blocks.
-           ((node-is "}") point-min c-ts-mode--close-bracket-offset)
-           ((parent-is "compound_statement")
-            point-min c-ts-mode--statement-offset)
-           ((parent-is "enumerator_list")
-            point-min c-ts-mode--statement-offset)
-           ((parent-is "field_declaration_list")
-            point-min c-ts-mode--statement-offset)
-
            ((parent-is "function_definition") parent-bol 0)
            ((parent-is "conditional_expression") first-sibling 0)
            ((parent-is "assignment_expression") parent-bol c-ts-mode-indent-offset)
@@ -215,13 +252,16 @@ MODE is either `c' or `cpp'."
                  ;; Indent the body of namespace definitions.
                  ((parent-is "declaration_list") parent-bol c-ts-mode-indent-offset)))
 
+           ;; int[5] a = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
            ((parent-is "initializer_list") parent-bol c-ts-mode-indent-offset)
-           ((parent-is "if_statement") parent-bol c-ts-mode-indent-offset)
-           ((parent-is "for_statement") parent-bol c-ts-mode-indent-offset)
-           ((parent-is "while_statement") parent-bol c-ts-mode-indent-offset)
-           ((parent-is "switch_statement") parent-bol c-ts-mode-indent-offset)
-           ((parent-is "case_statement") parent-bol c-ts-mode-indent-offset)
-           ((parent-is "do_statement") parent-bol c-ts-mode-indent-offset)
+           ((parent-is "enumerator_list") point-min c-ts-common-statement-offset)
+           ((parent-is "field_declaration_list") point-min c-ts-common-statement-offset)
+
+           ;; {} blocks.
+           ((node-is "}") point-min c-ts-mode--close-bracket-offset)
+           ((parent-is "compound_statement") point-min c-ts-common-statement-offset)
+           ((node-is "compound_statement") point-min c-ts-common-statement-offset)
+
            ,@(when (eq mode 'cpp)
                `(((node-is "field_initializer_list") parent-bol ,(* c-ts-mode-indent-offset 2)))))))
     `((gnu
@@ -249,19 +289,6 @@ MODE is either `c' or `cpp'."
        ((parent-is "do_statement") parent-bol 0)
        ,@common))))
 
-(defun c-ts-mode--set-indent-style (mode)
-  "Helper function to set indentation style.
-MODE is either `c' or `cpp'."
-  (let ((style
-         (if (functionp c-ts-mode-indent-style)
-             (funcall c-ts-mode-indent-style)
-           (pcase c-ts-mode-indent-style
-             ('gnu   (alist-get 'gnu (c-ts-mode--indent-styles mode)))
-             ('k&r   (alist-get 'k&r (c-ts-mode--indent-styles mode)))
-             ('bsd   (alist-get 'bsd (c-ts-mode--indent-styles mode)))
-             ('linux (alist-get 'linux (c-ts-mode--indent-styles mode)))))))
-    `((,mode ,@style))))
-
 (defun c-ts-mode--top-level-label-matcher (node &rest _)
   "A matcher that matches a top-level label.
 NODE should be a labeled_statement."
@@ -273,90 +300,6 @@ NODE should be a labeled_statement."
                 "labeled_statement")
          (not (treesit-node-top-level func "compound_statement")))))
 
-(defvar c-ts-mode-indent-block-type-regexp
-  (rx (or "compound_statement"
-          "field_declaration_list"
-          "enumerator_list"))
-  "Regexp matching types of block nodes (i.e., {} blocks).")
-
-(defvar c-ts-mode--statement-offset-post-processr nil
-  "A functions that makes adjustments to `c-ts-mode--statement-offset'.
-
-This is a function that takes two arguments, the current indent
-level and the current node, and returns a new level.
-
-When `c-ts-mode--statement-offset' runs and go up the parse tree,
-it increments the indent level when some condition are met in
-each level.  At each level, after (possibly) incrementing the
-offset, it calls this function, passing it the current indent
-level and the current node, and use the return value as the new
-indent level.")
-
-(defun c-ts-mode--statement-offset (node parent &rest _)
-  "This anchor is used for children of a statement inside a block.
-
-This function basically counts the number of block nodes (defined
-by `c-ts-mode--indent-block-type-regexp') between NODE and the
-root node (not counting NODE itself), and multiply that by
-`c-ts-mode-indent-offset'.
-
-To support GNU style, on each block level, this function also
-checks whether the opening bracket { is on its own line, if so,
-it adds an extra level, except for the top-level.
-
-PARENT is NODE's parent."
-  (let ((level 0))
-    ;; If point is on an empty line, NODE would be nil, but we pretend
-    ;; there is a statement node.
-    (when (null node)
-      (setq node t))
-    (while (if (eq node t)
-               (setq node parent)
-             (setq node (treesit-node-parent node)))
-      (when (string-match-p c-ts-mode-indent-block-type-regexp
-                            (treesit-node-type node))
-        (cl-incf level)
-        (save-excursion
-          (goto-char (treesit-node-start node))
-          ;; Add an extra level if the opening bracket is on its own
-          ;; line, except (1) it's at top-level, or (2) it's immediate
-          ;; parent is another block.
-          (cond ((bolp) nil) ; Case (1).
-                ((let ((parent-type (treesit-node-type
-                                     (treesit-node-parent node))))
-                   ;; Case (2).
-                   (and parent-type
-                        (string-match-p c-ts-mode-indent-block-type-regexp
-                                        parent-type)))
-                 nil)
-                ;; Add a level.
-                ((looking-back (rx bol (* whitespace))
-                               (line-beginning-position))
-                 (cl-incf level)))))
-      (when c-ts-mode--statement-offset-post-processr
-        (setq level (funcall c-ts-mode--statement-offset-post-processr
-                             level node))))
-    (* level c-ts-mode-indent-offset)))
-
-(defun c-ts-mode--fix-bracketless-indent (level node)
-  "Takes LEVEL and NODE and returns adjusted LEVEL.
-This fixes indentation for cases shown in bug#61026.  Basically
-in C/C++, constructs like if, for, while sometimes don't have
-bracket."
-  (if (and (not (equal (treesit-node-type node) "compound_statement"))
-           (member (treesit-node-type (treesit-node-parent node))
-                   '("if_statement" "while_statement" "do_statement"
-                     "for_statement")))
-      (1+ level)
-    level))
-
-(defun c-ts-mode--close-bracket-offset (node parent &rest _)
-  "Offset for the closing bracket, NODE.
-It's basically one level less that the statements in the block.
-PARENT is NODE's parent."
-  (- (c-ts-mode--statement-offset node parent)
-     c-ts-mode-indent-offset))
-
 ;;; Font-lock
 
 (defvar c-ts-mode--preproc-keywords
@@ -757,7 +700,8 @@ the semicolon.  This function skips the semicolon."
 (defvar-keymap c-ts-mode-map
   :doc "Keymap for the C language with tree-sitter"
   :parent prog-mode-map
-  "C-c C-q" #'c-ts-mode-indent-defun)
+  "C-c C-q" #'c-ts-mode-indent-defun
+  "C-c ." #'c-ts-mode-set-style)
 
 ;;;###autoload
 (define-derived-mode c-ts-base-mode prog-mode "C"
@@ -817,8 +761,14 @@ the semicolon.  This function skips the semicolon."
   ;; Indent.
   (when (eq c-ts-mode-indent-style 'linux)
     (setq-local indent-tabs-mode t))
-  (setq-local c-ts-mode--statement-offset-post-processr
-              #'c-ts-mode--fix-bracketless-indent)
+  (setq-local c-ts-common-indent-offset 'c-ts-mode-indent-offset)
+  (setq-local c-ts-common-indent-block-type-regexp
+              (rx (or "compound_statement"
+                      "field_declaration_list"
+                      "enumerator_list")))
+  (setq-local c-ts-common-indent-bracketless-type-regexp
+              (rx (or "if_statement" "do_statement"
+                      "for_statement" "while_statement")))
 
   ;; Comment
   (c-ts-common-comment-setup)
@@ -871,7 +821,7 @@ in your configuration."
     (setq-local comment-end " */")
     ;; Indent.
     (setq-local treesit-simple-indent-rules
-                (c-ts-mode--set-indent-style 'c))
+                (c-ts-mode--get-indent-style 'c))
     ;; Font-lock.
     (setq-local treesit-font-lock-settings (c-ts-mode--font-lock-settings 'c))
     (treesit-major-mode-setup)))
@@ -907,7 +857,7 @@ in your configuration."
 
     ;; Indent.
     (setq-local treesit-simple-indent-rules
-                (c-ts-mode--set-indent-style 'cpp))
+                (c-ts-mode--get-indent-style 'cpp))
 
     ;; Font-lock.
     (setq-local treesit-font-lock-settings (c-ts-mode--font-lock-settings 'cpp))
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/dockerfile-ts-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/dockerfile-ts-mode.el
index 23ac48a6117..c9125bc6cbd 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/dockerfile-ts-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/dockerfile-ts-mode.el
@@ -51,9 +51,27 @@
      ((parent-is "expose_instruction") (nth-sibling 1) 0)
      ((parent-is "label_instruction") (nth-sibling 1) 0)
      ((parent-is "shell_command") first-sibling 0)
-     ((parent-is "string_array") first-sibling 1)))
+     ((parent-is "string_array") first-sibling 1)
+     ((dockerfile-ts-mode--line-continuation-p) dockerfile-ts-mode--line-continuation-anchor 0)))
   "Tree-sitter indent rules.")
 
+(defun dockerfile-ts-mode--line-continuation-p ()
+  "Return t if the current node is a line continuation node."
+  (lambda (node _ _ &rest _)
+    (string= (treesit-node-type node) "\n")))
+
+(defun dockerfile-ts-mode--line-continuation-anchor (_ _ &rest _)
+  "This anchor is used to align any nodes that are part of a line
+continuation to the previous entry."
+  (save-excursion
+    (forward-line -1)
+    (let ((prev-node (treesit-node-at (point))))
+      (if (string= (treesit-node-type prev-node) "\\\n")
+          (back-to-indentation)
+        (forward-word)
+        (forward-char))
+      (+ 1 (- (point) (pos-bol))))))
+
 (defvar dockerfile-ts-mode--keywords
   '("ADD" "ARG" "AS" "CMD" "COPY" "CROSS_BUILD" "ENTRYPOINT" "ENV"
     "EXPOSE" "FROM" "HEALTHCHECK" "LABEL" "MAINTAINER" "ONBUILD" "RUN"
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/java-ts-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/java-ts-mode.el
index dbd63698770..e4153725efd 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/java-ts-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/java-ts-mode.el
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
      ((query "(method_declaration (block (_) @indent))") parent-bol java-ts-mode-indent-offset)
      ((parent-is "local_variable_declaration") parent-bol java-ts-mode-indent-offset)
      ((parent-is "expression_statement") parent-bol java-ts-mode-indent-offset)
+     ((match "type_identifier" "field_declaration") parent-bol 0)
      ((parent-is "field_declaration") parent-bol java-ts-mode-indent-offset)
      ((parent-is "return_statement") parent-bol java-ts-mode-indent-offset)
      ((parent-is "variable_declarator") parent-bol java-ts-mode-indent-offset)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/python.el b/lisp/progmodes/python.el
index a869cdc5fdb..df0d1c96965 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/python.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/python.el
@@ -6715,8 +6715,8 @@ implementations: `python-mode' and `python-ts-mode'."
     (when python-indent-guess-indent-offset
       (python-indent-guess-indent-offset))
 
-    (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist
-                 '("\\.py[iw]?\\'\\|python[0-9.]*" . python-ts-mode))))
+    (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.py[iw]?\\'" . python-ts-mode))
+    (add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist '("python[0-9.]*" . python-ts-mode))))
 
 ;;; Completion predicates for M-x
 ;; Commands that only make sense when editing Python code
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/rust-ts-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/rust-ts-mode.el
index 3a6cb61b719..2812e39c101 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/rust-ts-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/rust-ts-mode.el
@@ -275,6 +275,28 @@ Return nil if there is no name or if NODE is not a defun node."
      (treesit-node-text
       (treesit-node-child-by-field-name node "name") t))))
 
+(defun rust-ts-mode--syntax-propertize (beg end)
+  "Apply syntax text property to template delimiters between BEG and END.
+
+< and > are usually punctuation, e.g., as greater/less-than.  But
+when used for types, they should be considered pairs.
+
+This function checks for < and > in the changed RANGES and apply
+appropriate text property to alter the syntax of template
+delimiters < and >'s."
+  (goto-char beg)
+  (while (re-search-forward (rx (or "<" ">")) end t)
+    (pcase (treesit-node-type
+            (treesit-node-parent
+             (treesit-node-at (match-beginning 0))))
+      ("type_arguments"
+       (put-text-property (match-beginning 0)
+                          (match-end 0)
+                          'syntax-table
+                          (pcase (char-before)
+                            (?< '(4 . ?>))
+                            (?> '(5 . ?<))))))))
+
 ;;;###autoload
 (define-derived-mode rust-ts-mode prog-mode "Rust"
   "Major mode for editing Rust, powered by tree-sitter."
@@ -284,6 +306,10 @@ Return nil if there is no name or if NODE is not a defun node."
   (when (treesit-ready-p 'rust)
     (treesit-parser-create 'rust)
 
+    ;; Syntax.
+    (setq-local syntax-propertize-function
+                #'rust-ts-mode--syntax-propertize)
+
     ;; Comments.
     (c-ts-common-comment-setup)
 
diff --git a/lisp/treesit.el b/lisp/treesit.el
index 29b29d2665a..c9f2e339dc2 100644
--- a/lisp/treesit.el
+++ b/lisp/treesit.el
@@ -554,7 +554,25 @@ omitted, default END to BEG."
               "Generic tree-sitter font-lock error"
               'treesit-error)
 
-(defvar-local treesit-font-lock-level 3
+(defun treesit--font-lock-level-setter (sym val)
+  "Custom setter for `treesit-font-lock-level'."
+  (set-default sym val)
+  (named-let loop ((res nil)
+                   (buffers (buffer-list)))
+    (if (null buffers)
+        (mapc (lambda (b)
+                (with-current-buffer b
+                  (setq-local treesit-font-lock-level val)
+                  (treesit-font-lock-recompute-features)
+                  (treesit-font-lock-fontify-region (point-min) (point-max))))
+              res)
+      (let ((buffer (car buffers)))
+        (with-current-buffer buffer
+          (if (treesit-parser-list)
+              (loop (append res (list buffer)) (cdr buffers))
+            (loop res (cdr buffers))))))))
+
+(defcustom treesit-font-lock-level 3
   "Decoration level to be used by tree-sitter fontifications.
 
 Major modes categorize their fontification features into levels,
@@ -562,16 +580,24 @@ from 1 which is the absolute minimum, to 4 that yields the maximum
 fontifications.
 
 Level 1 usually contains only comments and definitions.
-Level 2 usually adds keywords, strings, constants, types, etc.
-Level 3 usually represents a full-blown fontification, including
-assignment, constants, numbers, properties, etc.
+Level 2 usually adds keywords, strings, data types, etc.
+Level 3 usually represents full-blown fontifications, including
+assignments, constants, numbers and literals, properties, etc.
 Level 4 adds everything else that can be fontified: delimiters,
-operators, brackets, all functions and variables, etc.
+operators, brackets, punctuation, all functions and variables, etc.
 
 In addition to the decoration level, individual features can be
 turned on/off by calling `treesit-font-lock-recompute-features'.
 Changing the decoration level requires calling
-`treesit-font-lock-recompute-features' to have an effect.")
+`treesit-font-lock-recompute-features' to have an effect, unless
+done via `customize-variable'.
+
+To see which syntactical categories are fontified by each level
+in a particular major mode, examine the buffer-local value of the
+variable `treesit-font-lock-feature-list'."
+  :type 'integer
+  :set #'treesit--font-lock-level-setter
+  :version "29.1")
 
 (defvar-local treesit--font-lock-query-expand-range (cons 0 0)
   "The amount to expand the start and end of the region when fontifying.
@@ -892,27 +918,20 @@ LIMIT is the recursion limit, which defaults to 100."
             (push r result))
         (push child result))
       (setq child (treesit-node-next-sibling child)))
-    ;; If NODE has no child, keep NODE.
-    (or result (list node))))
+    ;; If NODE has no child, keep NODE.  If LIMIT is exceeded, return
+    ;; nil.
+    (or result (and (> limit 0) (list node)))))
 
 (defsubst treesit--node-length (node)
   "Return the length of the text of NODE."
   (- (treesit-node-end node) (treesit-node-start node)))
 
-(defvar-local treesit--font-lock-fast-mode nil
+(defvar-local treesit--font-lock-fast-mode 'unspecified
   "If this variable is t, change the way we query so it's faster.
 This is not a general optimization and should be RARELY needed!
 See comments in `treesit-font-lock-fontify-region' for more
 detail.")
 
-(defvar-local treesit--font-lock-fast-mode-grace-count 5
-  "Grace counts before we turn on the fast mode.
-
-When query takes abnormally long time to execute, we turn on the
-\"fast mode\", but just to be on the safe side, we only turn on
-the fast mode after this number of offenses.  See bug#60691,
-bug#60223.")
-
 ;; Some details worth explaining:
 ;;
 ;; 1. When we apply face to a node, we clip the face into the
@@ -964,36 +983,34 @@ If LOUDLY is non-nil, display some debugging information."
            (enable (nth 1 setting))
            (override (nth 3 setting))
            (language (treesit-query-language query)))
-      (when-let ((nodes (list (treesit-buffer-root-node language)))
-                 ;; Only activate if ENABLE flag is t.
-                 (activate (eq t enable)))
-        (ignore activate)
 
-        ;; If we run into problematic files, use the "fast mode" to
-        ;; try to recover.  See comment #2 above for more explanation.
-        (when treesit--font-lock-fast-mode
-          (setq nodes (treesit--children-covering-range-recurse
-                       (car nodes) start end (* 4 jit-lock-chunk-size))))
+      ;; Use deterministic way to decide whether to turn on "fast
+      ;; mode". (See bug#60691, bug#60223.)
+      (when (eq treesit--font-lock-fast-mode 'unspecified)
+        (pcase-let ((`(,max-depth ,max-width)
+                     (treesit-subtree-stat
+                      (treesit-buffer-root-node language))))
+          (if (or (> max-depth 100) (> max-width 4000))
+              (setq treesit--font-lock-fast-mode t)
+            (setq treesit--font-lock-fast-mode nil))))
+
+      (when-let* ((root (treesit-buffer-root-node language))
+                  (nodes (if (eq t treesit--font-lock-fast-mode)
+                             (treesit--children-covering-range-recurse
+                              root start end (* 4 jit-lock-chunk-size))
+                           (list (treesit-buffer-root-node language))))
+                  ;; Only activate if ENABLE flag is t.
+                  (activate (eq t enable)))
+        (ignore activate)
 
         ;; Query each node.
         (dolist (sub-node nodes)
           (let* ((delta-start (car treesit--font-lock-query-expand-range))
                  (delta-end (cdr treesit--font-lock-query-expand-range))
-                 (start-time (current-time))
                  (captures (treesit-query-capture
                             sub-node query
                             (max (- start delta-start) (point-min))
-                            (min (+ end delta-end) (point-max))))
-                 (end-time (current-time)))
-            ;; If for any query the query time is strangely long,
-            ;; switch to fast mode (see comments above).
-            (when (and (null treesit--font-lock-fast-mode)
-                       (> (time-to-seconds
-                           (time-subtract end-time start-time))
-                          0.01))
-              (if (> treesit--font-lock-fast-mode-grace-count 0)
-                  (cl-decf treesit--font-lock-fast-mode-grace-count)
-                (setq-local treesit--font-lock-fast-mode t)))
+                            (min (+ end delta-end) (point-max)))))
 
             ;; For each captured node, fontify that node.
             (with-silent-modifications
@@ -1002,12 +1019,14 @@ If LOUDLY is non-nil, display some debugging information."
                        (node (cdr capture))
                        (node-start (treesit-node-start node))
                        (node-end (treesit-node-end node)))
+
                   ;; If node is not in the region, take them out.  See
                   ;; comment #3 above for more detail.
                   (if (and (facep face)
                            (or (>= start node-end) (>= node-start end)))
                       (when (or loudly treesit--font-lock-verbose)
                         (message "Captured node %s(%s-%s) but it is outside of fontifing region" node node-start node-end))
+
                     (cond
                      ((facep face)
                       (treesit-fontify-with-override
@@ -1015,6 +1034,7 @@ If LOUDLY is non-nil, display some debugging information."
                        face override))
                      ((functionp face)
                       (funcall face node override start end)))
+
                     ;; Don't raise an error if FACE is neither a face nor
                     ;; a function.  This is to allow intermediate capture
                     ;; names used for #match and #eq.
@@ -3033,10 +3053,10 @@ function signals an error."
    :no-value (treesit-parser-set-included-ranges parser '((1 . 4) (5 . 8))))
   (treesit-parser-included-ranges
    :no-eval (treesit-parser-included-ranges parser)
-   :eg-result '((1 . 4) (5 . 8)))
+   :eg-result ((1 . 4) (5 . 8)))
   (treesit-query-range
    :no-eval (treesit-query-range node '((script_element) @cap))
-   :eg-result-string '((1 . 4) (5 . 8)))
+   :eg-result ((1 . 4) (5 . 8)))
 
 
   "Retrieving a node"
@@ -3182,7 +3202,12 @@ function signals an error."
    :eg-result-string "#<treesit-node (translation_unit) in 1-11>")
   (treesit-query-string
    :no-eval (treesit-query-string "int c = 0;" '((identifier) @id) 'c)
-   :eg-result-string "((id . #<treesit-node (identifier) in 5-6>))"))
+   :eg-result-string "((id . #<treesit-node (identifier) in 5-6>))")
+
+  "Misc"
+  (treesit-subtree-stat
+   :no-eval (treesit-subtree-stat node)
+   :eg-result (6 33 487)))
 
 (provide 'treesit)
 
diff --git a/src/comp.c b/src/comp.c
index 6ff1915ef5b..ba549155925 100644
--- a/src/comp.c
+++ b/src/comp.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,3 @@ file -> CU.  */);
 
   defsubr (&Snative_comp_available_p);
 }
-/* Local Variables: */
-/* c-file-offsets: ((arglist-intro . +)) */
-/* End: */
diff --git a/src/treesit.c b/src/treesit.c
index 917db582676..b210ec0923a 100644
--- a/src/treesit.c
+++ b/src/treesit.c
@@ -3312,6 +3312,68 @@ a regexp.  */)
     return parent;
 }
 
+DEFUN ("treesit-subtree-stat",
+       Ftreesit_subtree_stat,
+       Streesit_subtree_stat, 1, 1, 0,
+       doc: /* Return information about the subtree of NODE.
+
+Return a list (MAX-DEPTH MAX-WIDTH COUNT), where MAX-DEPTH is the
+maximum depth of the subtree, MAX-WIDTH is the maximum number of
+direct children of nodes in the subtree, and COUNT is the number of
+nodes in the subtree, including NODE.  */)
+  (Lisp_Object node)
+{
+  /* Having a limit on the depth to traverse doesn't have much impact
+     on the time it takes, so I left that out.  */
+  CHECK_TS_NODE (node);
+
+  treesit_initialize ();
+
+  TSTreeCursor cursor = ts_tree_cursor_new (XTS_NODE (node)->node);
+  ptrdiff_t max_depth = 1;
+  ptrdiff_t max_width = 0;
+  ptrdiff_t count = 0;
+  ptrdiff_t current_depth = 0;
+
+  /* Traverse the subtree depth-first.  */
+  while (true)
+    {
+      count++;
+
+      /* Go down depth-first.  */
+      while (ts_tree_cursor_goto_first_child (&cursor))
+	{
+	  current_depth++;
+	  count++;
+	  /* While we're at here, measure the number of siblings.  */
+	  ptrdiff_t width_count = 1;
+	  while (ts_tree_cursor_goto_next_sibling (&cursor))
+	    width_count++;
+	  max_width = max (max_width, width_count);
+	  /* Go back to the first sibling.  */
+	  treesit_assume_true (ts_tree_cursor_goto_parent (&cursor));
+	  treesit_assume_true (ts_tree_cursor_goto_first_child (&cursor));
+	}
+      max_depth = max (max_depth, current_depth);
+
+      /* Go to next sibling.  If there is no next sibling, go to
+         parent's next sibling, and so on.  If there is no more
+         parent, we've traversed the whole subtree, stop.  */
+      while (!ts_tree_cursor_goto_next_sibling (&cursor))
+	{
+	  if (ts_tree_cursor_goto_parent (&cursor))
+	    current_depth--;
+	  else
+	    {
+	      ts_tree_cursor_delete (&cursor);
+	      return list3 (make_fixnum (max_depth),
+			    make_fixnum (max_width),
+			    make_fixnum (count));
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
 #endif	/* HAVE_TREE_SITTER */
 
 DEFUN ("treesit-available-p", Ftreesit_available_p,
@@ -3511,6 +3573,7 @@ then in the system default locations for dynamic libraries, in that order.  */);
   defsubr (&Streesit_search_subtree);
   defsubr (&Streesit_search_forward);
   defsubr (&Streesit_induce_sparse_tree);
+  defsubr (&Streesit_subtree_stat);
 #endif /* HAVE_TREE_SITTER */
   defsubr (&Streesit_available_p);
 }
diff --git a/test/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-mode-resources/indent.erts b/test/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-mode-resources/indent.erts
index 67654404a77..0ecbf922b15 100644
--- a/test/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-mode-resources/indent.erts
+++ b/test/lisp/progmodes/c-ts-mode-resources/indent.erts
@@ -114,7 +114,9 @@ int main() {
       {
         puts ("Hello");
       }
-  for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
+  for (int i=0;
+       i<5;
+       i++)
     if (true)
       {
         puts ("Hello");
@@ -141,7 +143,9 @@ int main() {
     if (true) {
       puts ("Hello");
     }
-  for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
+  for (int i=0;
+       i<5;
+       i++)
     if (true) {
       puts ("Hello");
     }