* INSTALL: Revert previous accidental commit.

1 files changed, 137 insertions, 120 deletions

diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
index 1368d593a35..35238fc21a4 100644
--- a/INSTALL
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -6,37 +6,31 @@ See the end of the file for license conditions.
 
 
 This file contains general information.  For more specific information
-for the MS-Windows, GNUstep/Mac OS X, and MS-DOS ports, also see the files
-nt/INSTALL, nextstep/INSTALL, and msdos/INSTALL.  For information
+for the Windows, GNUstep/Mac OS X, and MS-DOS ports, also see the files
+nt/INSTALL nextstep/INSTALL, and msdos/INSTALL.  For information
 specific to building from a Bazaar checkout (rather than a release), see
 the file INSTALL.BZR.
 
 
 BASIC INSTALLATION
 
-On most Unix systems, you can build Emacs by first running the
-`configure' shell script.  This attempts to deduce correct values for
-various system-dependent variables and features, and find the
-directories where certain system headers and libraries are kept.
-In a few cases, you may need to explicitly tell configure where to
-find some things, or what options to use.
-
-`configure' creates a `Makefile' in several subdirectories, and a
-`src/config.h' file containing system-dependent definitions.
-Running the `make' utility then builds the package for your system.
+The simplest way to build Emacs is to use the `configure' shell script
+which attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent
+variables and features and find the directories where various system
+headers and libraries are kept.  It then creates a `Makefile' in each
+subdirectory and a `config.h' file containing system-dependent
+definitions.  Running the `make' utility then builds the package for
+your system.
 
 Here's the procedure to build Emacs using `configure' on systems which
-are supported by it.  In rare cases, if the simplified procedure fails,
-you might need to use various non-default options, and maybe perform
-some of the steps manually.  The more detailed description in the rest
-of the sections of this guide will help you do that, so please refer
-to those sections if you need to.
-
-  1. Make sure your system has at least 230 MB of free disk space.
-  This is for Emacs 23.2; Emacs gets bigger as more features are added.
-  The size of the final installed Emacs is about half this; see below.
-  This includes the space-saving that comes from automatically
-  compressing the Lisp source files on installation.
+are supported by it.  If this simplified procedure fails, or if you
+are using a platform such as MS-Windows, where `configure' script
+doesn't work, you might need to use various non-default options, and
+maybe perform some of the steps manually.  The more detailed
+description in the rest of the sections of this guide will help you do
+that, so please refer to them if the simple procedure does not work.
+
+  1. Make sure your system has at least 120 MB of free disk space.
 
   2a. `cd' to the directory where you unpacked Emacs and invoke the
       `configure' script:
@@ -58,18 +52,17 @@ to those sections if you need to.
      system names, wrong places for headers or libraries, missing
      libraries that you know are installed on your system, etc.
 
-     If you find anything wrong, you may have to pass to `configure'
-     one or more options specifying the explicit machine configuration
-     name, where to find various headers and libraries, etc.
-     Refer to the section DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION below.
+     If you find anything wrong, you will have to pass to `configure'
+     explicit machine configuration name, and one or more options
+     which tell it where to find various headers and libraries; refer
+     to DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION section below.
 
-     If `configure' didn't find some (optional) image support libraries,
-     such as Xpm, jpeg, etc., and you want to use them refer to the
-     subsection "Image support libraries" below.
+     If `configure' didn't find some image support libraries, such as
+     Xpm, jpeg, etc., and you want to use them refer to the subsection
+     "Image support libraries", below.
 
      If the details printed by `configure' don't make any sense to
-     you, but there are no obvious errors, assume that `configure' did
-     its job and proceed.
+     you, assume that `configure' did its job and proceed.
 
   4. If you need to run the `configure' script more than once (e.g.,
      with some non-default options), always clean the source
@@ -86,7 +79,7 @@ to those sections if you need to.
      in the `src' directory.  You can try this program, to make sure
      it works:
 
-		 src/emacs -Q
+		 src/emacs -q
 
   7. Assuming that the program `src/emacs' starts and displays its
      opening screen, you can install the program and its auxiliary
@@ -100,13 +93,9 @@ to those sections if you need to.
 
 		 make clean
 
-  You can delete the entire build directory if you do not plan to
-  build Emacs again.
-
-  Note that the install automatically saves space by compressing
-  (provided you have the `gzip' program) those installed Lisp source (.el)
-  files that have corresponding .elc versions.  You may also wish
-  to compress the installed Info files.
+  You can also save some space by compressing (with `gzip') Info files
+  and installed Lisp source (.el) files which have corresponding .elc
+  versions.
 
 
 ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES
@@ -168,15 +157,19 @@ download and build libraries from sources.  None of them are vital for
 running Emacs; however, note that Emacs will not be able to use
 colored icons in the toolbar if XPM support is not compiled in.
 
-Here's the list of some of these optional libraries, and the URLs
-where they can be found (in the unlikely event that your distribution
-does not provide them):
+Here's the list of these optional libraries, and the URLs where they
+can be found:
 
-  . libXaw3d          http://directory.fsf.org/project/xaw3d/
-  . libxpm for XPM:   http://www.x.org/releases/current/src/lib/
-  . libpng for PNG:   http://www.libpng.org/
+  . libXaw3d for fancy 3D-style
+      scroll bars:    ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/widgets/Xaw3d/
+  . libxpm for XPM:   ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/
+		      Get version 3.4k or later, which lets Emacs
+		      use its own color allocation functions.
+  . libpng for PNG:   ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/libpng/png/
   . libz (for PNG):   http://www.zlib.net/
-  . libjpeg for JPEG: http://www.ijg.org/  (use a version newer than 6a)
+  . libjpeg for JPEG: ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/
+                      Get version 6b -- 6a is reported to fail in
+                      Emacs.
   . libtiff for TIFF: http://www.libtiff.org/
   . libgif for GIF:   http://sourceforge.net/projects/giflib/
 
@@ -190,22 +183,29 @@ configure should avoid such old versions.  If that happens, use the
 * Extra fonts
 
 The Emacs distribution does not include fonts and does not install
-them.  You must do that yourself, if you need more fonts than your
-distribution normally provides.
+them.  You must do that yourself.
 
 Emacs running on the GNU system supports both X fonts and local fonts
 (i.e. the fonts managed by the fontconfig library).
 
 For `Unicode' (ISO 10646) X fonts, see
 <URL:http://czyborra.com/unifont/> (packaged in Debian),
-<URL:http://openlab.ring.gr.jp/efont/> (packaged in Debian).
-(In recent Debian versions, there is an extensive `misc-fixed'
-iso10646-1 in the default X installation.)  Perhaps also see
+<URL:http://openlab.ring.gr.jp/efont/> (packaged in Debian).  (In
+recent Debian versions, there is an extensive `misc-fixed' iso10646-1
+in the default X installation.)  Perhaps also see
 <URL:http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/%7Emgk25/ucs-fonts.html>.
 
 <URL:http://czyborra.com/charsets/> has basic fonts for Emacs's
 ISO-8859 charsets.
 
+XFree86 release 4 (from <URL:ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/> and mirrors)
+contains font support for most, if not all, of the charsets that Emacs
+currently supports, including iso10646-1 encoded fonts for use with
+the mule-unicode charsets.  The font files should also be usable with
+older X releases.  Note that XFree 4 contains many iso10646-1 fonts
+with minimal character repertoires, which can cause problems -- see
+etc/PROBLEMS.
+
 BDF Unicode fonts etl-unicode.tar.gz are available from
 <URL:ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/fonts/> and
 <URL:ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/mirror/X.Org/contrib/fonts/>.  These
@@ -217,17 +217,15 @@ lists a large number of free Unicode fonts.
 
 * GNU/Linux development packages
 
-Many GNU/Linux systems do not come with development packages by default;
-they include the files that you need to run Emacs, but not those you
-need to compile it.  For example, to compile Emacs with support for X
-and graphics libraries, you may need to install the `X development'
-package(s) and development versions of the jpeg, png, etc. packages.
-
-The names of the packages that you need varies according to the
-GNU/Linux distribution that you use, and the options that you want to
-configure Emacs with.  On Debian-based systems, you can install all the
-packages needed to build the installed version of Emacs with a command
-like `apt-get build-dep emacs23'.
+Many GNU/Linux systems do not come with development packages by
+default; they just include the files that you need to run Emacs, but
+not those you need to compile it.  For example, to compile Emacs with
+X11 support, you may need to install the special `X11 development'
+package.  For example, in April 2003, the package names to install
+were `XFree86-devel' and `Xaw3d-devel' on Red Hat.  On Debian, the
+packages necessary to build the installed version should be
+sufficient; they can be installed using `apt-get build-dep emacs21' in
+Debian 3 and above.
 
 
 DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION:
@@ -242,20 +240,21 @@ a program whose pure code is 1.5 MB and whose data area is at
 least 2.8 MB and can reach 100 MB or more.  If the swapping space is
 insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l
 loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when
-running the final dumped Emacs.  (This should not be an issue
-on any recent system.)
+running the final dumped Emacs.
 
-Building Emacs requires about 230 MB of disk space (including the
-Emacs sources).  Once installed, Emacs occupies about 120 MB in the file
+Building Emacs requires about 140 MB of disk space (including the
+Emacs sources) Once installed, Emacs occupies about 77 MB in the file
 system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp
 libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation.  If
 the building and installation take place in different directories,
-then the installation procedure momentarily requires 230+120 MB.
+then the installation procedure momentarily requires 140+77 MB.
 
-2) In the unlikely event that `configure' does not detect your system
-type correctly, consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what --host, --build
-options you should pass to `configure'.  That file also offers hints
-for getting around some possible installation problems.
+2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should
+give to the `configure' program.  That file offers hints for
+getting around some possible installation problems.  The file lists
+many different configurations, but only the part for your machine and
+operating system is relevant.  (The list is arranged in alphabetical
+order by the vendor name.)
 
 3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory
 or in a separate directory.
@@ -263,10 +262,15 @@ or in a separate directory.
 3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that
 directory and run the program `configure' as follows:
 
-    ./configure [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
+    ./configure [CONFIGURATION-NAME] [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
+
+The CONFIGURATION-NAME argument should be a configuration name given
+in `./etc/MACHINES', with the system version number added at the end.
 
-If `configure' cannot determine your system type, try again
-specifying the proper --build, --host options explicitly.
+You should try first omitting CONFIGURATION-NAME.  This way,
+`configure' will try to guess your system type.  If it cannot guess,
+or if something goes wrong in building or installing Emacs this way,
+try again specifying the proper CONFIGURATION-NAME explicitly.
 
 If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'.  If you omit this
 option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your
@@ -279,16 +283,15 @@ is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X
 Window System files installed in unusual places.  These options also
 accept a list of directories, separated with colons.
 
-[gtk is default]
 To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you
 configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where
-TOOLKIT is `gtk', `athena', or `motif' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms
+TOOLKIT is `athena', `motif' or `gtk' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms
 for `athena').  On some systems, it does not work to use a toolkit
 with shared libraries.  A free implementation of Motif, called
 LessTif, is available from <http://www.lesstif.org>.  Compiling with
 LessTif or Motif causes a standard File Selection Dialog to pop up
 when you invoke file commands with the mouse.  You can get fancy
-3D-style scroll bars, even without Gtk or LessTif/Motif, if you have the
+3D-style scroll bars, even without LessTif/Motif, if you have the
 Xaw3d library installed (see "Image support libraries" above for Xaw3d
 availability).
 
@@ -322,10 +325,10 @@ or more of these options:
 Use --without-toolkit-scroll-bars to disable LessTif/Motif or Xaw3d
 scroll bars.
 
-Use --without-xim to inhibit the default use of X Input Methods.
-In this case, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn on use of XIM.
+Use --without-xim to inhibit the default use of X Input Methods.  In
+this case, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn on use of XIM.
 
-Use --disable-largefile to omit support for files larger than 2GB on
+Use --disable-largefile omits support for files larger than 2GB on
 systems which support that.
 
 Use --without-sound to disable sound support.
@@ -335,11 +338,11 @@ should put emacs and its data files.  This defaults to `/usr/local'.
 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin
   (unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise).
 - The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION
-  (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `23.2').
+  (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `19.27').
 - The architecture-dependent files go in
   PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION
-  (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like
-  i686-pc-linux-gnu), unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise.
+  (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like mips-dec-ultrix4.2),
+  unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise.
 
 The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate
 portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific
@@ -351,16 +354,17 @@ EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs.
 
 For example, the command
 
-    ./configure --build=i386-linux-gnu --without-sound
+    ./configure mips-dec-ultrix --with-x11
 
-configures Emacs to build for a 32-bit GNU/Linux distribution,
-without sound.
+configures Emacs to build for a DECstation running Ultrix, with
+support for the X11 window system.
 
-`configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation itself.
-It just creates the files that influence those things:
-`./Makefile' in the top-level directory and several subdirectories;
-and `./src/config.h'.  For details on exactly what it does, see the
-section called `CONFIGURATION BY HAND', below.
+`configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation
+itself.  It just creates the files that influence those things:
+`./Makefile', `lib-src/Makefile', `oldXMenu/Makefile',
+`lwlib/Makefile', `src/Makefile', and `./src/config.h'.  For details
+on exactly what it does, see the section called `CONFIGURATION BY
+HAND', below.
 
 When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and
 creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the
@@ -432,9 +436,14 @@ Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in.
 To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make'
 that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'.
 
-(Do not try to build in a separate directory by creating many links
-to the real source directory -- there is no need, and installation
-will fail.)
+3c) Some people try to build in a separate directory by filling
+it full of symlinks to the files in the real source directory.
+If you do that, `make all' does work, but `make install' fails:
+it copies the symbolic links rather than the actual files.
+
+As far as is known, there is no particular reason to use
+a directory full of links rather than use the standard GNU
+facilities to build in a separate directory (see 3b above).
 
 4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right
 for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs
@@ -445,7 +454,7 @@ rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'.  For example,
      (setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews")
 
 is how you would override the default value of the variable
-news-inews-program.
+news-inews-program (which is "/usr/local/inews").
 
 Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the
 variable gets by default!  Make sure you know what kind of value the
@@ -464,11 +473,18 @@ If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or
 site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up
 again.  If you do this, you are on your own!
 
+Note that, on some systems, the code you place in site-init.el must
+not use expand-file-name or any other function which may look
+something up in the system's password and user information database.
+See `./etc/PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects.
+
 The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution.  You do not
 need to create them if you have nothing to put in them.
 
 6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may
-wish to add to various termcap entries.
+wish to add to various termcap entries.  The files `./etc/termcap.ucb'
+and `./etc/termcap.dat' may already contain appropriately-modified
+entries.
 
 7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish
 building Emacs in the standard way.  The final executable file is
@@ -482,11 +498,11 @@ are installed in the following directories:
 
 `/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run -
 		`emacs', `etags', `ctags', `b2m', `emacsclient',
-		`grep-changelog', and `rcs-checkin'.
+		and `rcs-checkin'.
 
 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library;
 		`VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version
-		you are installing, like `23.1' or `23.2'.  Since the
+		you are installing, like `18.59' or `19.27'.  Since the
 		Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to
 		another, including the version number in the path
 		allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed
@@ -494,17 +510,18 @@ are installed in the following directories:
 		make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version.
 
 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC
-		file, and other architecture-independent files Emacs
-		might need while running.
+		file, the `yow' database, and other
+		architecture-independent files Emacs might need while
+		running.  VERSION is as specified for `.../lisp'.
 
 `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable
 		programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to
 		run themselves.
 		`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are
-		installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the value
-		deduced by the `configure' program to identify the
+		installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument
+		you gave to the `configure' program to identify the
 		architecture and operating system of your machine,
-		like `i686-pc-linux-gnu' or `sparc-sun-sunos'.  Since
+		like `mips-dec-ultrix' or `sparc-sun-sunos'.  Since
 		these files are specific to the version of Emacs,
 		operating system, and architecture in use, including
 		the configuration name in the path allows you to have
@@ -516,9 +533,10 @@ are installed in the following directories:
 `/usr/local/share/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs,
 		known as "info files".  Many other GNU programs are
 		documented using info files as well, so this directory
-		stands apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories.
+		stands apart from the other, Emacs-specific
+		directories.
 
-`/usr/local/share/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed
+`/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed
 		in `/usr/local/bin'.
 
 Any version of Emacs, whether installed or not, also looks for Lisp
@@ -581,9 +599,10 @@ Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set.
 	defaults to /usr/local/share.  We create the following
 	subdirectories under `datadir':
 	- `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and
-	- `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the tutorials, DOC file, etc.
+	- `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the Emacs tutorial, the DOC
+		file, and the `yow' database.
 	`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
-	like `23.1' or `23.2'.  Since these files vary from one version
+	like `18.59' or `19.0'.  Since these files vary from one version
 	of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path
 	allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the
 	same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs
@@ -596,25 +615,23 @@ Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set.
 		programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run
 		themselves.
 	`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
-	and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the value deduced by the
+	and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument you gave to the
 	`configure' program to identify the architecture and operating
-	system of your machine, like `i686-pc-linux-gnu' or `sparc-sun-sunos'.
-	Since these files are specific to the version of Emacs,
-	operating system, and architecture in use, including the
-	configuration name in the path allows you to have several
-	versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating
-	systems installed at the same time; this is useful for sites
-	at which different kinds of machines share the file system
-	Emacs is installed on.
+	system of your machine, like `mips-dec-ultrix' or
+	`sparc-sun-sunos'.  Since these files are specific to the version
+	of Emacs, operating system, and architecture in use, including
+	the configuration name in the path allows you to have several
+	versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating systems
+	installed at the same time; this is useful for sites at which
+	different kinds of machines share the file system Emacs is
+	installed on.
 
 `infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with
 	Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/share/info'.
 
 `mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its
 	utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to
-	`/usr/local/share/man/man1'.
-
-[here]
+	`/usr/local/man/man1'.
 
 `manext' gives the extension the man pages should be installed with.
 	It should contain a period, followed by the appropriate