*** empty log message ***

author: Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org> 2000-12-29 13:29:13 +0000
committer: Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org> 2000-12-29 13:29:13 +0000
commit: 5e56e175e9a94579114956067aa42cfe5dd53ce4 (patch)
tree: 7a2a95f2336611df7d60abc6fa4ef042b346737c /etc
parent: 49172314026bc80ccaa4093bea957fb2296e5131 (diff)
download: emacs-5e56e175e9a94579114956067aa42cfe5dd53ce4.tar.gz
6 files changed, 2649 insertions, 4 deletions
diff --git a/etc/ChangeLog b/etc/ChangeLog
index e534aa284ed..3006747dd1c 100644
--- a/etc/ChangeLog
+++ b/etc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+2000-12-29  Gerd Moellmann  <gerd@gnu.org>
+
+	* fr-refcard.tex, fr-refcard.ps, fr-drdref.tex, fr-drdref.ps: New
+	files.
+
 2000-12-29  Vinicius Jose Latorre  <vinicius@cpqd.com.br>
 
 	* ps-prin1.ps: Handle form feed better when ps-zebra-stripe-follow
diff --git a/etc/NEWS b/etc/NEWS
index 393c352ae42..3f3743e5af8 100644
--- a/etc/NEWS
+++ b/etc/NEWS
@@ -190,14 +190,15 @@ and displays information about that.
 ** When an error is signaled during the loading of the user's init
 file, Emacs now pops up the *Messages* buffer.
 
-** Polish and German translations of Emacs' reference card have been
-added.  They are named `pl-refcard.tex' and `de-refcard.tex'.
-Postscript files are included.
+** Polish, German, and French translations of Emacs' reference card
+have been added.  They are named `pl-refcard.tex', `de-refcard.tex' and
+`fr-refcard.tex'.  Postscript files are included.
 
 ** An `Emacs Survival Guide', etc/survival.tex, is available.
 
 ** A reference card for Dired has been added.  Its name is
-`dired-ref.tex'.
+`dired-ref.tex'.  A French translation is available in
+`fr-drdref.tex'.
 
 ** The new variable `auto-mode-interpreter-regexp' contains a regular
 expression matching interpreters, for file mode determination.
diff --git a/etc/fr-drdref.ps b/etc/fr-drdref.ps
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ae91085eed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/etc/fr-drdref.ps
@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
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+%%Title: fr-drdref.dvi
+%%Pages: 2
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+%%EndComments
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+(Cam)o(bridge)h(MA)e(02139.)954 3362 y Ff(2)p eop
+%%Trailer
+end
+userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
+%%EOF
diff --git a/etc/fr-drdref.tex b/etc/fr-drdref.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e81eac515d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/etc/fr-drdref.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+
+% Reference Card for Dired
+% Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+% This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+% GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+% the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+% any later version.
+
+% GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+% GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+% along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
+% the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below).
+% Specify how many you want here.  Nothing else needs to be changed.
+%**start of header
+
+\newcount\columnsperpage
+
+\columnsperpage=2
+
+% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82).
+% The reference card looks OK with 2 columns per page, portrait mode.
+% I haven't tried it with 3 columns per page.
+
+% This is a bit of a dirty hack on the GNU Emacs reference card
+% to produce a Dired reference card instead.
+
+% I (Evgeny Roubinchtein, eroubinc@u.washington.edu) put this together 
+% because I wanted a Dired reference card, 
+% but couldn't find anything on the 'net.
+% Based mostly off Dired's describe-mode.
+
+
+\def\versionnumber{0.1}
+\def\year{2000}
+\def\version{Mai \year\ v\versionnumber}
+
+\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
+  \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  Permissions au dos.  v\versionnumber}}
+
+\def\copyrightnotice{
+\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
+\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
+\centerline{conception de Stephen Gildea, \version}
+\centerline{pour GNU Emacs version 19 sur syst\`emes Unix}
+\centerline{Mis \`a jour pour Dired en Mai 200 par Evgeny Roubinchtein}
+\centerline{Traduction fran\c{c}aise d'\'Eric Jacoboni}
+
+Vous pouvez faire et distribuer des copies de cette carte, pourvu que
+la notice de copyright et cette note de permission soient pr\'eserv\'ees
+sur toutes les copies.
+
+Pour obtenir des copies du manuel de GNU Emacs, \'ecrivez \`a la Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 675 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139.
+
+\endgroup}
+
+% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
+% can be scanned without complaint.
+\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
+
+\newdimen\intercolumnskip       %horizontal space between columns
+\newbox\columna                 %boxes to hold columns already built
+\newbox\columnb
+
+\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}
+
+\message{[\ncolumns\space 
+  column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]}
+
+\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}
+
+% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986.
+% Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent.
+\if 1\ncolumns                  %one-column format uses normal size
+  \hsize 4in
+  \vsize 10in
+  \voffset -.7in
+  \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3
+  \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2
+  \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm
+  \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy
+
+  \footline{\hss\folio}
+  \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}}
+\else                           %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size
+  \hsize 3.4in
+  \vsize 7.95in
+  \hoffset -.75in
+  \voffset -.745in
+  \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2
+  \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1
+  \font\smallfont=cmr6
+  \font\smallsy=cmsy6
+  \font\eightrm=cmr8
+  \font\eightbf=cmbx8
+  \font\eightit=cmti8
+  \font\eighttt=cmtt8
+  \font\eightmi=cmmi8
+  \font\eightsy=cmsy8
+  \textfont0=\eightrm
+  \textfont1=\eightmi
+  \textfont2=\eightsy
+  \def\rm{\eightrm}
+  \def\bf{\eightbf}
+  \def\it{\eightit}
+  \def\tt{\eighttt}
+  \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
+  \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip
+  \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit
+  \normalbaselines\rm           %make definitions take effect
+
+  \if 2\ncolumns
+    \let\maxcolumn=b
+    \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss}
+    \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}}
+  \else \if 3\ncolumns
+    \let\maxcolumn=c
+    \nopagenumbers
+  \else
+    \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.}
+    \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page}
+  \fi\fi
+
+  \intercolumnskip=.46in
+  \def\abc{a}
+  \output={%                    %see The TeXbook page 257
+      % This next line is useful when designing the layout.
+      %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark}
+      \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
+      \else\if a\abc
+        \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
+        %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode)
+        \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
+      \else
+        \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi}
+  \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
+      \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
+        \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
+      \makefootline}\advancepageno}
+  \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
+
+  \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
+    \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
+    \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
+    \end}  
+\fi
+
+% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
+% we might want to talk about
+\catcode`\^=12
+\catcode`\_=12
+
+\chardef\\=`\\
+\chardef\{=`\{
+\chardef\}=`\}
+
+\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer}
+\hyphenation{de-le-tion}
+
+\parindent 0pt
+\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex
+
+\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}
+
+% newcolumn - force a new column.  Use sparingly, probably only for
+% the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway.
+\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}
+
+% title - page title.  Argument is title text.
+\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}
+
+% section - new major section.  Argument is section name.
+\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
+  \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
+  \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}
+
+\newdimen\keyindent
+
+% beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be
+% indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group
+% definitions, will not.
+\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
+\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
+\endindentedkeys
+
+% paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment.
+% If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never
+% inserted.  Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem.
+\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}
+
+% \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example
+\def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}}
+
+% kbd - argument is characters typed literally.  Like the Texinfo command.
+\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null}        %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows
+
+% beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example.
+% typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved
+\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
+  \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt}
+{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
+\def\endexample{\endgroup}
+
+% key - definition of a key.
+% \key{description of key}{key-name}
+% prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd
+% form near the right margin.
+\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
+  {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
+  \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}}
+
+\newbox\metaxbox
+\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
+\newdimen\metaxwidth
+\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox
+
+% metax - definition of a M-x command.
+% \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name}
+% Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place
+% as \key starts the key name.  (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.)
+\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize
+  {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}%
+  \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil
+  \kbd{#2}\hfil}}
+
+% threecol - like "key" but with two key names.
+% for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward.
+\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad
+  &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr}
+
+% I cannot figure out how to make all dired-x
+% commands fit on a page in two-column format
+\def\dx{\bf (DX)}
+
+%**end of header
+
+
+\title{Carte de r\'ef\'erence de Dired}
+
+\centerline{(bas\'e sur Dired de GNU Emacs 20.x)}
+\centerline{Les commandes marqu\'ees par \dx{} n\'ecessitent dired-x}
+
+% trim this down to fit everything on one page
+% \section{G\'en\'eral}
+% Avec dired, vous pouvez \'editer la liste des fichiers d'un r\'epertoire
+% (et, \'eventuellement, ses r\'epertoires au format 'ls -lR').
+
+% L'\'edition d'un r\'epertoire signifie que vous pouvez visiter,
+% renommer, copier, compresser, compiler des fichiers. Dans le tampon
+% d'\'edition, vous pouvez modifier les attributs des fichiers, leur
+% appliquer des commandes 
+% shell ou ins\'erer des sous-r\'epertoires. Vous pouvez � marquer � des
+% fichiers pour qu'ils soient supprim\'es plus tard ou pour leur
+% appliquer des commandes ; cela peut \^etre fait pour un seul fichier \`a
+% la fois ou pour un ensemble de fichiers correspondant \`a certains
+% crit\`eres (fichiers correspondant \`a une expression rationnelle
+% donn\'ee, par exemple).
+ 
+% On se d\'eplace dans le tampon \`a l'aide des commandes habituelles de
+% d\'eplacement du curseur. Les lettres ne s'ins\`erent plus mais servent
+% \`a ex\'ecuter des commandes, les chiffres (0-9) sont des param\`etres pr\'efixes.
+ 
+% La plupart des commandes agissent soit sur tous les fichiers marqu\'es,
+% soit sur le fichier courant s'il n'y a pas de fichier marqu\'e. On
+% utilise un param\`etre pr\'efixe pour agir sur les NUM fichiers suivants
+% (ou les NUM pr\'ec\'edents si NUM $<$ 0). Le param\`etre pr\'efixe '1' sert
+% \`a op\'erer sur le fichier courant uniquement. Les param\`etres pr\'efixes
+% ont priorit\'e sur les marques. Les commandes lan\c{c}ant un
+% sous-processus sur un groupe de fichiers afficheront une liste des
+% fichiers pour lesquels le sous-processus a \'echou\'e. Taper y tentera
+% de vous expliquer ce qui a pos\'e probl\`eme.
+ 
+% Lorsque l'on \'edite plusieurs fichiers dans un unique tampon, chaque
+% r\'epertoire agit comme une page : C-x [ et C-x ] peuvent donc servir
+% \`a se d\'eplacer dans ces r\'epertoires.
+
+\section{Lancer et sortir de Dired}
+
+\key{lancer dired}{C-x d} \key{\'edite le r\'epertoire du fichier que l'on
+  est en train d'\'editer}{C-x C-j\dx} \key{quitter dired}{q}
+
+\section{Commandes de d\'eplacement}
+
+\key{ligne pr\'ec\'edente}{p}
+\key{ligne suivante}{n}
+\key{ligne de r\'epertoire pr\'ec\'edente}{<}
+\key{ligne de r\'epertoire suivante}{>}
+\key{fichier marqu\'e suivant}{M-\}}
+\key{fichier marqu\'e pr\'ec\'edent}{M-\{}
+\key{sous-r\'epertoire pr\'ec\'edent}{M-C-p}
+\key{sous-r\'epertoire suivant}{M-C-n}
+\key{r\'epertoire p\`ere}{^}
+\key{premier sous-r\'epertoire}{M-C-d}
+
+\section{Commandes avec la souris}
+\metax{visiter le fichier}{Mouse_Button_2}
+\metax{ouvrir un menu}{Control-Mouse_Button_3} 
+
+\section{Actions immediates sur les fichiers}
+
+\key{visiter le fichier courant}{f}
+\key{visualiser le fichier courant}{v}
+\key{visiter le fichier courant dans une autre fen\^etre}{o}
+\key{visiter le fichier courant dans un autre cadre}{w}
+\key{afficher le fichier courant}{C-u o}
+\key{cr\'eer un nouveau sous-r\'epertoire}{+}
+\key{comparer le fichier sous le point avec celui sous la marque}{=}
+
+\section{Marquer et \^oter les marques des fichiers}
+
+\key{marquer un fichier ou un sous-r\'epertoire pour de futures commandes}{m}
+\key{\^oter la marque d'un fichier ou de tous les fichiers d'un sous-r\'epertoire}{u}
+\key{\^oter la marque de tous les fichiers d'un tampon}{M-delete}
+\key{marquer les fichiers ayant une extension donn\'ee}{* .}
+\key{marquer tous les sous-r\'epertoires}{* /}
+\key{marquer tous les liens symboliques}{* @}
+\key{marquer tous les ex\'ecutables}{* *}
+\key{inverser le marquage}{* t}
+\key{marquer tous les fichiers du sous-r\'epertoire courant}{* s}
+\key{marquer les fichiers dont les noms correspondent \`a une expression
+  rationnelle}{* \%}
+\key{modifier les marques par un caract\`ere diff\'erent}{* c}
+\key{marquer les fichiers pour lesquels une expression Elisp renvoie t}{* (\dx}
+
+\section{Obtenir de l'aide}
+
+\key{aide sur dired}{h}
+\key{r\'esum\'e de dired (aide succinte) et trace d'erreur}{?}
+
+\section{Commandes sur les fichiers marqu\'es ou sp\'ecifi\'es par le pr\'efixe}
+
+\key{copier le(s) fichier(s)}{C}
+\key{renommer un fichier ou d\'eplacer des fichiers dans un autre r\'epertoire}{R}
+\key{changer le propri\'etaire d'un (des) fichier(s)}{O}
+\key{changer le groupe d'un (des) fichier(s)}{G}
+\key{changer le mode d'un (des) fichier(s)}{M}
+\key{imprimer le(s) fichier(s)}{P}
+\key{convertir le(s) nom(s) de fichier(s) en minuscules}{\% l}
+\key{convertir le(s) nom(s) de fichier(s) en majuscules}{\% u}
+\key{supprimer les fichiers marqu\'es (pas ceux ayant un `flag')}{X}
+\key{uuencoder ou uudecoder le(s) fichier(s)}{U}
+\key{compresser ou d\'ecompacter le(s) fichier(s)}{Z}
+\key{lancer info sur le fichier}{I\dx}
+\key{cr\'eer un (des) lien(s) symbolique(s)}{S}
+\key{cr\'eer des liens symboliques relatifs}{Y}
+\key{cr\'eer un (des) liens physique(s)}{H}
+\key{rechercher une expression rationnelle dans des fichiers}{A}
+\key{remplacer interactivement une expression rationnelle}{Q}
+\key{byte-compiler des fichiers}{B}
+\key{charger le(s) fichier(s)}{L}
+\key{lancer une commande shell sur le(s) fichier(s)}{!}
+
+\section{Mettre un flag sur les fichiers \`a d\'etruire}
+\leftline{\bf Les commandes qui \^otent les marquent suppriment les
+  flags de suppression}
+\key{placer un flag de suppression sur le fichier}{d}
+\key{sauvegarder et supprimer le flag de suppression}{delete}
+\key{placer un flag sur tous les fichiers de sauvegarde (dont les noms
+  se terminent par \~{})}{\~{}}
+\key{placer un flag sur tous les fichiers de sauvegarde automatique}{\#}
+\key{placer un flag sur les diff\'erents fichiers interm\'ediaires}{\&}
+\key{placer un flag sur les sauvegardes num\'erot\'ees (finissant par
+  .\~{}1\~{}, .\~{}2\~{}, etc.)}{.} 
+\key{ex\'ecuter les suppressions demand\'ees (fichiers ayant un flag)}{x}
+\key{placer un flag sur les fichiers correspondant \`a une expression
+  rationnelle }{\% d} 
+
+\section{Modifier le tampon Dired}
+
+\key{ins\'erer un sous-r\'epertoire dans ce tampon}{i}
+\key{supprimer les fichiers marqu\'es de la liste}{k}
+\key{supprimer le listing d'un sous-r\'epertoire}{C-u k}
+\key{relire tous les r\'epertoires (conserve toutes les marques)}{g}
+\key{bascule le tri sur le nom/date du r\'epertoire courant}{s}
+\key{\'edite les options de ls }{C-u s}
+\key{r\'ecup\`ere les marques, les lignes cach\'ees, etc.}{C-_}
+\key{cache tous les sous-r\'epertoires}{M-\$}
+\key{cache ou fait appara\^\i{}tre le sous-r\'epertoire}{\$}
+
+\section{Commandes sur les expressions rationnelles}
+
+\key{marquer les noms de fichiers correspondant \`a une expression
+  rationnelle}{\% m} 
+\key{copier les fichiers marqu\'es par une expression rationnelle}{\% C}
+\key{renommer les fichiers marqu\'es par une expression rationnelle}{\% R}
+\key{lien physique}{\% H}
+\key{lien symbolique}{\% S}
+\key{lien symbolique avec chemin relatif}{\% Y}
+\key{marquer pour une suppression}{\% d}
+
+\section{Dired et Find}
+\metax{fichier(s) dired dont le nom correspond \`a un motif}{M-x
+  find-names-dired} 
+\metax{fichier(s) dired contenant un motif}{M-x find-grep-dired}
+\metax{fichier(s) dired bas\'es sur ce que produit \kbd{find}}{M-x find-dired}
+
+\copyrightnotice
+
+\bye
+
diff --git a/etc/fr-refcard.ps b/etc/fr-refcard.ps
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d4cc92f28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/etc/fr-refcard.ps
@@ -0,0 +1,958 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-2.0
+%%Creator: dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software
+%%Title: fr-refcard.dvi
+%%Pages: 4
+%%PageOrder: Ascend
+%%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842
+%%EndComments
+%DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com)
+%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -o fr-refcard.ps fr-refcard.dvi
+%DVIPSParameters: dpi=360, compressed
+%DVIPSSource:  TeX output 2000.12.29:1414
+%%BeginProcSet: texc.pro
+%!
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+Fh(c)o(herc)o(her)9 b(une)i(fonction)h(ou)g(une)f(v)n(ariable)g(pr)o
+(\023)-20 b(ecise)-270 8 y(dans)13 b(Info)594 -40 y Ff(C-h)22
+b(C-i)-270 57 y Fh(Se)13 b(d)o(\023)-20 b(eplacer)13
+b(dans)g(un)g(n\033ud)f(:)-228 122 y(une)h(page)h(plus)f(bas)491
+b Ff(SPC)-228 170 y Fh(une)13 b(page)h(plus)f(haut)468
+b Ff(DEL)-228 218 y Fh(d)o(\023)-20 b(ebut)13 b(du)g(n\033ud)536
+b Ff(.)43 b Fh(\(p)q(oin)o(t\))-270 283 y(P)o(asser)13
+b(de)g(n\033ud)g(en)g(n\033ud)g(:)-228 348 y(n\033ud)g
+Fe(suiv)m(an)o(t)552 b Ff(n)-228 395 y Fh(n\033ud)13
+b Fe(pr)o(\023)-23 b(ec)o(\023)g(eden)o(t)497 b Ff(p)-228
+443 y Fh(aller)13 b Fe(plus)k(haut)527 b Ff(u)-228 491
+y Fh(c)o(hoisir)13 b(un)g(sujet)g(de)h(men)o(u)e(par)h(son)h(nom)122
+b Ff(m)-228 539 y Fh(c)o(hoisir)8 b(le)h Fb(n)s Fh(i)o(\022)-20
+b(eme)8 b(sujet)h(de)g(men)o(u)e(par)i(son)g(n)o(um)o(\023)-20
+b(ero)p 643 547 25 36 v -270 587 a(\(1{9\))594 539 y
+Fb(n)-228 631 y Fh(suivre)8 b(une)h(r)o(\023)-20 b(ef)o(\023)g(erence)7
+b(crois)o(\023)-20 b(ee)8 b(\(on)h(revien)o(t)g(a)o(v)o(ec)p
+600 641 25 40 v -270 678 a Ff(l)p Fh(\))594 631 y Ff(f)-228
+720 y Fh(rev)o(enir)k(au)g(dernier)f(n\033ud)h(visit)o(\023)-20
+b(e)262 b Ff(l)-228 768 y Fh(rev)o(enir)13 b(au)g(n\033ud)g(du)g(r)o
+(\023)-20 b(ep)q(ertoire)261 b Ff(d)-228 816 y Fh(aller)11
+b(sur)f(n'imp)q(orte)f(quel)i(n\033ud)f(par)h(son)g(nom)41
+b Ff(g)-270 881 y Fh(Autres)13 b(:)-228 946 y(lancer)g(le)h
+Fe(didacticiel)e Fh(Info)348 b Ff(h)-228 993 y Fe(quitter)14
+b Fh(Info)588 b Ff(q)-228 1041 y Fh(rec)o(herc)o(her)14
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+1089 y(rationnelle)594 1041 y Ff(M-s)-270 1203 y Fg(Registres)-270
+1302 y Fh(sauv)o(er)c(la)h(r)o(\023)-20 b(egion)13 b(dans)g(un)g
+(registre)260 b Ff(C-x)22 b(r)f(s)-270 1350 y Fh(ins)o(\023)-20
+b(erer)10 b(le)h(con)o(ten)o(u)f(du)h(registre)g(dans)g(le)g(tamp)q(on)
+42 b Ff(C-x)22 b(r)f(i)-270 1415 y Fh(sauv)o(er)13 b(la)h(v)n(aleur)f
+(du)g(p)q(oin)o(t)h(dans)f(un)g(registre)89 b Ff(C-x)22
+b(r)f(SPC)-270 1463 y Fh(sauter)13 b(au)h(p)q(oin)o(t)g(sauv)o(\023)-20
+b(e)13 b(dans)g(le)h(registre)169 b Ff(C-x)22 b(r)f(j)-270
+1586 y Fg(Macros)j(cla)n(vier)-270 1685 y Fe(lancer)14
+b Fh(la)g(d)o(\023)-20 b(e\014nition)12 b(d'une)g(macro)h(cla)o(vier)
+123 b Ff(C-x)22 b(\()-270 1733 y Fe(terminer)14 b Fh(la)g(d)o(\023)-20
+b(e\014nition)12 b(d'une)g(macro)h(cla)o(vier)66 b Ff(C-x)22
+b(\))-270 1781 y Fe(ex)o(\023)-23 b(ecuter)15 b Fh(la)f(derni)o(\022)
+-20 b(ere)11 b(macro)i(cla)o(vier)h(d)o(\023)-20 b(e\014nie)76
+b Ff(C-x)22 b(e)-270 1829 y Fh(a)r(jouter)28 b(la)14
+b(derni)o(\022)-20 b(ere)12 b(macro)h(cla)o(vier)245
+b Ff(C-u)22 b(C-x)f(\()-270 1877 y Fh(donner)12 b(un)h(nom)28
+b(la)14 b(derni)o(\022)-20 b(ere)11 b(macro)i(cla)o(vier)-103
+b Ff(M-x)22 b(name-last-kbd-macro)-270 1924 y Fh(ins)o(\023)-20
+b(erer)12 b(une)h(d)o(\023)-20 b(e\014nition)12 b(Lisp)h(dans)g(le)h
+(tamp)q(on)-55 b Ff(M-x)21 b(insert-kbd-macro)-270 2046
+y Fg(Commandes)h(de)h(gestion)f(d'Emacs)h(Lisp)-271 2146
+y Fh(\023)-20 b(ev)n(aluer)10 b(la)h Fe(s-expression)j
+Fh(situ)o(\023)-20 b(ee)10 b(a)o(v)n(an)o(t)h(le)g(p)q(oin)o(t)42
+b Ff(C-x)22 b(C-e)-271 2193 y Fh(\023)-20 b(ev)n(aluer)13
+b(la)h Fe(defun)h Fh(couran)o(te)379 b Ff(C-M-x)-271
+2241 y Fh(\023)-20 b(ev)n(aluer)13 b(la)h Fe(r)o(\023)-23
+b(egion)456 b Ff(M-x)22 b(eval-region)-270 2289 y Fh(lire)13
+b(et)g(\023)-20 b(ev)n(aluer)13 b(le)h(mini-tamp)q(on)311
+b Ff(M-:)-270 2337 y Fh(c)o(harger)27 b(partir)13 b(du)g(r)o(\023)-20
+b(ep)q(ertoire)12 b(syst)o(\022)-20 b(eme)13 b(standard)-83
+b Ff(M-x)22 b(load-library)1048 -218 y Fg(P)n(ersonnalisation)g(simple)
+1048 -119 y Fh(p)q(ersonnaliser)10 b(les)k(v)n(ariables)e(et)j(les)e
+(fon)o(tes)67 b Ff(M-x)22 b(customize)1048 -54 y Fh(Cr)o(\023)-20
+b(eation)12 b(de)h(liaisons)f(de)h(touc)o(hes)f(globales)h(en)g(Emacs)f
+(Lisp)h(\(exem-)1048 -6 y(ples\):)1048 59 y Ff(\(global-set-key)23
+b("\\C-cg")g('goto-line\))1048 107 y(\(global-set-key)g("\\M-#")g
+('query-replace-regexp\))1053 229 y Fg(\023)1048 244
+y(Ecriture)e(de)i(commandes)1048 343 y Ff(\(defun)f Fb(nom-c)n(ommande)
+h Ff(\()p Fb(ar)n(gs)s Ff(\))1090 391 y(")p Fb(do)n(cumentation)s
+Ff(")e(\(interactive)i(")p Fb(template)s Ff("\))1090
+439 y Fb(b)n(o)n(dy)s Ff(\))1048 504 y Fh(Exemple)12
+b(:)1048 569 y Ff(\(defun)22 b(cette-ligne-en-haut-de)q(-la-fe)q(netre)
+j(\(line\))1090 617 y("Repositionne)e(la)f(ligne)g(du)f(point)h(en)g
+(haut)g(de)f(la)h(fenetre.)p 2232 626 25 34 v 1048 664
+a(Avec)f(ARG,)h(place)g(le)g(point)g(sur)g(la)f(ligne)h(ARG.")1090
+712 y(\(interactive)h("P"\))1090 760 y(\(recenter)g(\(if)e(\(null)h
+(line\))1386 808 y(0)1344 856 y(\(prefix-numeric-value)j(line\)\)\)\))
+1048 921 y Fh(La)13 b(sp)o(\023)-20 b(eci\014cation)10
+b Ff(interactive)15 b Fh(indique)10 b(commen)o(t)h(lire)g(in)o
+(teractiv)o(e-)1048 969 y(men)o(t)k(les)g(param)o(\022)-20
+b(etres.)23 b(F)l(aites)16 b Ff(C-h)22 b(f)f(interactive)d
+Fh(p)q(our)e(plus)e(de)1048 1016 y(pr)o(\023)-20 b(ecisions.)1223
+1856 y Fd(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)1405 1855 y(c)1395 1856 y Fc(\015)12
+b Fd(1997)i(F)m(ree)g(Soft)o(w)o(are)h(F)m(oundation,)g(Inc.)1266
+1894 y(v2.2)e(p)q(our)g(GNU)g(Emacs)f(v)o(ersion)i(20,)f(Juin)g(1997)
+1385 1932 y(conception)j(de)d(Stephen)h(Gildea)1332 1970
+y(traduction)i(francaise)f(d')1699 1962 y(\023)1696 1970
+y(Eric)e(Jacob)q(oni)1048 2026 y(V)m(ous)g(p)q(ouv)o(ez)h(faire)h(et)f
+(distribuer)i(des)d(copies)h(de)g(cette)h(carte,)f(p)q(ourvu)h(que)f
+(la)1048 2064 y(note)c(de)g(cop)o(yrigh)o(t)j(et)d(cette)h(note)g(de)f
+(p)q(ermission)h(soien)o(t)g(conserv)o(\023)-17 b(ees)11
+b(sur)e(toutes)1048 2102 y(les)j(copies.)1048 2158 y(P)o(our)i(les)f
+(copies)h(du)f(man)o(uel)h(GNU)f(Emacs,)f(\023)-17 b(ecriv)o(ez)28
+b(la)13 b(F)m(ree)i(Soft)o(w)o(are)g(F)m(oun-)1048 2196
+y(dation,)e(Inc.,)g(59)g(T)m(emple)g(Place,)h(Suite)g(330,)f(Boston,)g
+(MA)f(02111-1307)j(USA)954 3362 y Fh(4)p eop
+%%Trailer
+end
+userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
+%%EOF
diff --git a/etc/fr-refcard.tex b/etc/fr-refcard.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15bbd841d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/etc/fr-refcard.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+
+% Reference Card for GNU Emacs version 20 on Unix systems
+%**start of header
+\newcount\columnsperpage
+
+% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below).
+% Specify how many you want here.  Nothing else needs to be changed.
+
+\columnsperpage=2
+
+% Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+% This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+% GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+% the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+% any later version.
+
+% GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+% GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+% along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
+% the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82).
+%
+% The final reference card has six columns, three on each side.
+% This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways:
+% 1 column per page
+%    produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%.
+%    This gives the best resolution.
+% 2 columns per page
+%    produces three already-reduced pages.
+%    You will still need to cut and paste.
+% 3 columns per page
+%    produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a
+%    ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card.
+%    For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways.
+% Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above.
+%
+% Author:
+%  Stephen Gildea
+%  Internet: gildea@mit.edu
+%
+% Thanks to Paul Rubin, Bob Chassell, Len Tower, and Richard Mlynarik
+% for their many good ideas.
+
+% If there were room, it would be nice to see a section on Dired.
+
+\def\versionnumber{2.2}
+\def\year{1997}
+
+\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
+  \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  Permissions au dos.  v\versionnumber}}
+
+\def\copyrightnotice{
+\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
+\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
+\centerline{v\versionnumber{} pour GNU Emacs version 20, Juin \year}
+\centerline{conception de Stephen Gildea}
+\centerline{traduction francaise d'\'Eric Jacoboni}
+
+Vous pouvez faire et distribuer des copies de cette carte, pourvu que
+la note de copyright et cette note de permission soient conserv\'ees sur
+toutes les copies.
+
+Pour les copies du manuel GNU Emacs, \'ecrivez � la Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+
+\endgroup}
+
+% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
+% can be scanned without complaint.
+\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
+
+\newdimen\intercolumnskip       %horizontal space between columns
+\newbox\columna                 %boxes to hold columns already built
+\newbox\columnb
+
+\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}
+
+\message{[\ncolumns\space 
+  column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]}
+
+\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}
+
+% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986.
+% Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent.
+\if 1\ncolumns                  %one-column format uses normal size
+  \hsize 4in
+  \vsize 10in
+  \voffset -.7in
+  \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3
+  \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2
+  \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm
+  \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy
+
+  \footline{\hss\folio}
+  \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}}
+\else                           %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size
+  \hsize 3.2in
+  \vsize 7.95in
+  \hoffset -.75in
+  \voffset -.745in
+  \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2
+  \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1
+  \font\smallfont=cmr6
+  \font\smallsy=cmsy6
+  \font\eightrm=cmr8
+  \font\eightbf=cmbx8
+  \font\eightit=cmti8
+  \font\eighttt=cmtt8
+  \font\eightmi=cmmi8
+  \font\eightsy=cmsy8
+  \textfont0=\eightrm
+  \textfont1=\eightmi
+  \textfont2=\eightsy
+  \def\rm{\eightrm}
+  \def\bf{\eightbf}
+  \def\it{\eightit}
+  \def\tt{\eighttt}
+  \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
+  \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip
+  \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit
+  \normalbaselines\rm           %make definitions take effect
+
+  \if 2\ncolumns
+    \let\maxcolumn=b
+    \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss}
+    \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}}
+  \else \if 3\ncolumns
+    \let\maxcolumn=c
+    \nopagenumbers
+  \else
+    \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.}
+    \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page}
+  \fi\fi
+
+  \intercolumnskip=.46in
+  \def\abc{a}
+  \output={%                    %see The TeXbook page 257
+      % This next line is useful when designing the layout.
+      %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark}
+      \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
+      \else\if a\abc
+        \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
+        %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode)
+        \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
+      \else
+        \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi}
+  \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
+      \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
+        \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
+      \makefootline}\advancepageno}
+  \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
+
+  \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
+    \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
+    \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
+    \end}  
+\fi
+
+% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
+% we might want to talk about
+\catcode`\^=12
+\catcode`\_=12
+
+\chardef\\=`\\
+\chardef\{=`\{
+\chardef\}=`\}
+
+\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer}
+
+\parindent 0pt
+\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex
+
+\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}
+
+% newcolumn - force a new column.  Use sparingly, probably only for
+% the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway.
+\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}
+
+% title - page title.  Argument is title text.
+\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}
+
+% section - new major section.  Argument is section name.
+\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
+  \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
+  \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}
+
+\newdimen\keyindent
+
+% beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be
+% indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group
+% definitions, will not.
+\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
+\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
+\endindentedkeys
+
+% paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment.
+% If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never
+% inserted.  Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem.
+\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}
+
+% \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example
+\def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}}
+
+% kbd - argument is characters typed literally.  Like the Texinfo command.
+\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null}        %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows
+
+% beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example.
+% typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved
+\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
+  \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt}
+{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
+\def\endexample{\endgroup}
+
+% key - definition of a key.
+% \key{description of key}{key-name}
+% prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd
+% form near the right margin.
+\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
+  {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
+  \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}}
+
+\newbox\metaxbox
+\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
+\newdimen\metaxwidth
+\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox
+
+% metax - definition of a M-x command.
+% \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name}
+% Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place
+% as \key starts the key name.  (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.)
+\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize
+  {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}%
+  \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil
+  \kbd{#2}\hfil}}
+
+% threecol - like "key" but with two key names.
+% for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward.
+\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad
+  &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr}
+
+%**end of header
+
+
+\title{Carte de r\'ef\'erence de GNU Emacs}
+
+\centerline{(pour la version 20)}
+
+\section{Lancement d'Emacs}
+
+Pour lancer GNU Emacs 20, il suffit de taper son nom : \kbd{emacs}
+
+Pour charger un fichier � \'editer, voir Fichiers, ci-dessous.
+
+\section{Quitter Emacs}
+
+\key{suspend Emacs (ou l'iconifie sous X)}{C-z}
+\key{quitter d\'efinitivement Emacs}{C-x C-c}
+
+\section{Fichiers}
+
+\key{{\bf lire} un fichier dans Emacs}{C-x C-f}
+\key{{\bf sauvegarder} un fichier sur disque}{C-x C-s}
+\key{sauvegarder {\bf tous} les fichiers}{C-x s}
+\key{{\bf ins\'erer} le contenu d'un autre fichier dans ce tampon}{C-x i}
+\key{remplacer ce fichier par le fichier voulu}{C-x C-v}
+\key{\'ecrire le tampon dans un fichier donn\'e}{C-x C-w}
+\key{contr�le de version}{C-x C-q}
+
+\section{Obtenir de l'aide}
+
+Le syst\`eme d'aide est simple. Faites \kbd{C-h} (ou \kbd{F1}) et suivez
+les instructions. Si vous d\'ebutez, faites \kbd{C-h t} pour suivre un
+{\bf didacticiel}.
+
+\key{supprimer la fen\^etre d'aide}{C-x 1}
+\key{faire d\'efiler la fen\^etre d'aide}{C-M-v}
+
+\key{apropos : montrer les commandes contenant une certaine cha\^\i{}ne}{C-h a}
+\key{montrer la fonction lanc\'ee par une touche}{C-h c}
+\key{d\'ecrire une fonction}{C-h f}
+\key{obtenir des informations sp\'ecifiques au mode}{C-h m}
+
+\section{R\'ecup\'eration des erreurs}
+
+\key{{\bf avorter} une commande partiellement tap\'ee ou ex\'ecut\'ee}{C-g}
+\metax{{\bf r\'ecup\'erer} un fichier perdu par un crash du syst\`eme}{M-x recover-file}
+\key{{\bf annuler} une modification non souhait\'ee}{C-x u {\rm ou} C-_}
+\metax{restaurer un tampon avec son contenu initial}{M-x revert-buffer}
+\key{r\'eafficher un \'ecran perturb\'e}{C-l}
+
+\section{Recherche incr\'ementale}
+
+\key{rechercher vers l'avant}{C-s}
+\key{rechercher vers l'arri\`ere}{C-r}
+\key{rechercher vers l'avant par expression rationnelle}{C-M-s}
+\key{rechercher vers l'arri\`ere par expression rationnelle}{C-M-r}
+
+\key{s\'electionner la cha\^\i{}ne de recherche pr\'ec\'edente}{M-p}
+\key{s\'electionner la cha\^\i{}ne de recherche suivante}{M-n}
+\key{sortir de la recherche incr\'ementale}{RET}
+\key{annuler l'effet du dernier caract\`ere}{DEL}
+\key{annuler la recherche en cours}{C-g}
+
+Refaites \kbd{C-s} ou \kbd{C-r} pour r\'ep\'eter la recherche dans une
+direction quelconque.
+Si Emacs est encore en train de chercher, \kbd{C-g} n'annule que ce
+qui n'a pas \'et\'e fait.
+
+\shortcopyrightnotice
+
+\section{D\'eplacements}
+
+\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
+\threecol{{\bf entity to move over}}{{\bf backward}}{{\bf forward}}
+\threecol{caract\`ere}{C-b}{C-f}
+\threecol{mot}{M-b}{M-f}
+\threecol{ligne}{C-p}{C-n}
+\threecol{aller au d\'ebut (ou � la fin) de la ligne}{C-a}{C-e}
+\threecol{phrase}{M-a}{M-e}
+\threecol{paragraphe}{M-\{}{M-\}}
+\threecol{page}{C-x [}{C-x ]}
+\threecol{s-expression}{C-M-b}{C-M-f}
+\threecol{fonction}{C-M-a}{C-M-e}
+\threecol{aller au d\'ebut (ou � la fin) du tampon}{M-<}{M->}
+}
+
+\key{passer � l'\'ecran suivant}{C-v}
+\key{passer � l'\'ecran pr\'ec\'edent}{M-v}
+\key{d\'efiler l'\'ecran vers la droite}{C-x <}
+\key{d\'efiler l'\'ecran vers la gauche}{C-x >}
+\key{placer la ligne courante au centre de l'\'ecran}{C-u C-l}
+
+\section{D\'etruire et supprimer}
+
+\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
+\threecol{{\bf entity to kill}}{{\bf backward}}{{\bf forward}}
+\threecol{caract\`ere (suppression, pas destruction)}{DEL}{C-d}
+\threecol{mot}{M-DEL}{M-d}
+\threecol{ligne (jusqu'� la fin)}{M-0 C-k}{C-k}
+\threecol{phrase}{C-x DEL}{M-k}
+\threecol{s-expression}{M-- C-M-k}{C-M-k}
+}
+
+\key{d\'etruire une {\bf r\'egion}}{C-w}
+\key{copier une r\'egion dans le kill ring}{M-w}
+\key{d\'etruire jusqu'� l'occurrence suivante de {\it car}}{M-z {\it car}}
+
+\key{r\'ecup\'erer la derni\`ere chose d\'etruite}{C-y}
+\key{remplacer la derni\`ere r\'ecup\'eration par ce qui a \'et\'e d\'etruit avant}{M-y}
+
+\section{Marquer}
+
+\key{placer la marque ici}{C-@ {\rm ou} C-SPC}
+\key{\'echanger le point et la marque}{C-x C-x}
+
+\key{placer la marque {\it arg\/} {\bf mots} plus loin}{M-@}
+\key{marquer le {\bf paragraphe}}{M-h}
+\key{marquer la {\bf page}}{C-x C-p}
+\key{marquer la {\bf s-expression}}{C-M-@}
+\key{marquer la {\bf fonction}}{C-M-h}
+\key{marquer tout le {\bf tampon}}{C-x h}
+
+\section{Remplacement interactif}
+
+\key{remplacer interactivement une cha\^\i{}ne de texte}{M-\%}
+\metax{en utilisant les expressions rationnelles}{M-x query-replace-regexp}
+
+Les r\'eponses admises dans le mode de remplacement interactif sont :
+
+\key{{\bf remplacer} celle-l�, passer � la suivante}{SPC}
+\key{remplacer celle-l�, rester l�}{,}
+\key{{\bf passer} � la suivante sans remplacer}{DEL}
+\key{remplacer toutes les correspondances suivantes}{!}
+\key{{\bf revenir} � la correspondance pr\'ec\'edente}{^}
+\key{{\bf sortir} du remplacement interactif}{RET}
+\key{entrer dans l'\'edition r\'ecursive (\kbd{C-M-c} pour sortir)}{C-r}
+
+\section{Fen\^etres multiples}
+
+Lorsqu'il y a deux commandes, la seconde est pour l'"autre cadre".
+
+\key{supprimer toutes les autres fen\^etres}{C-x 1}
+
+{\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 0\wd0
+\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
+\threecol{diviser la fen\^etre horizontalement}{C-x 2\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 2}
+\threecol{supprimer cette fen\^etre}{C-x 0\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 0}
+}}
+\key{diviser la fen\^etre verticalement}{C-x 3}
+
+\key{faire d\'efiler l'autre fen\^etre}{C-M-v}
+
+{\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 2\wd0
+\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
+\threecol{switch cursor to another window}{C-x o}{C-x 5 o}
+
+\threecol{s\'electionner le tampon dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 b}{C-x 5 b}
+\threecol{afficher le tampon dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 C-o}{C-x 5 C-o}
+\threecol{charger un fichier dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 f}{C-x 5 f}
+\threecol{charger un fichier en lecture seule dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 r}{C-x 5 r}
+\threecol{lancer Dired  dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 d}{C-x 5 d}
+\threecol{trouver un tag dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 .}{C-x 5 .}
+}}
+
+\key{agrandir la fen\^etre}{C-x ^}
+\key{rapetisser la fen\^etre}{C-x \{}
+\key{\'elargir la fen\^etre}{C-x \}}
+
+\section{Formater}
+
+\key{indenter la {\bf ligne} courante (d\'epend du mode)}{TAB}
+\key{indenter la {\bf r\'egion} courante (d\'epend du mode)}{C-M-\\}
+\key{indenter la {\bf s-expression} courante (d\'epend du mode)}{C-M-q}
+\key{indenter la r\'egion sur {\it arg\/} colonnes}{C-x TAB}
+
+\key{ins\'erer un newline apr\`es le point}{C-o}
+\key{d\'eplacer le reste de la ligne vers le bas}{C-M-o}
+\key{supprimer les lignes blanches autour du point}{C-x C-o}
+\key{joindre la ligne � la pr\'ec\'edente (� la suivant avec arg)}{M-^}
+\key{supprimer tous les espaces autour du point}{M-\\}
+\key{mettre exactement un espace � l'emplacement du point}{M-SPC}
+
+\key{remplir le paragraphe}{M-q}
+\key{placer la marge droite}{C-x f}
+\key{d\'efinir le pr\'efixe par lequel commencera chaque ligne}{C-x .}
+
+\key{d\'efinir la fonte}{M-g}
+
+\section{Modifier la casse}
+
+\key{mettre le mot en majuscules}{M-u}
+\key{mettre le mot en minuscules}{M-l}
+\key{mettre le mot en capitales}{M-c}
+
+\key{mettre la r\'egion en majuscules}{C-x C-u}
+\key{mettre la r\'egion en minuscules}{C-x C-l}
+
+\section{Le mini-tampon}
+
+Les touches suivantes sont utilisables dans le mini-tampon :
+
+\key{compl\'eter autant que possible}{TAB}
+\key{compl\'eter un mot}{SPC}
+\key{completer et ex\'ecuter}{RET}
+\key{montrer les compl\'etions possibles}{?}
+\key{rechercher l'entr\'ee pr\'ec\'edente du mini-tampon}{M-p}
+\key{rechercher l'entr\'ee suivante du mini-tampon ou le d\'efaut}{M-n}
+\key{rechercher � rebours par expr. rationnelle dans l'historique}{M-r}
+\key{rechercher vers l'avant par expr. rationnelle dans l'historique}{M-s}
+\key{annuler la commande}{C-g}
+
+Faites \kbd{C-x ESC ESC} pour \'editer et r\'ep\'eter la derni\`ere commande
+ayant utilis\'e le minitampon. Faites \kbd{F10} pour activer la barre de
+menu utilisant le minitampon.
+
+\newcolumn
+\title{Carte de r\'ef\'erence de GNU Emacs}
+
+\section{Tampons}
+
+\key{s\'electionner un autre tampon}{C-x b}
+\key{\'enum\'erer tous les tampons}{C-x C-b}
+\key{supprimer un tampon}{C-x k}
+
+\section{Transposer}
+
+\key{transposer des {\bf caract\`eres}}{C-t}
+\key{transposer des {\bf mots}}{M-t}
+\key{transposer des {\bf lignes}}{C-x C-t}
+\key{transposer des {\bf s-expressions}}{C-M-t}
+
+\section{V\'erifier l'orthographe}
+
+\key{v\'erifier l'orthographe du mot courant}{M-\$}
+\metax{v\'erifier l'orthographe de tous les mots d'une r\'egion}{M-x ispell-region}
+\metax{v\'erifier l'orthographe de tout le tampon}{M-x ispell-buffer}
+
+\section{Tags}
+
+\key{trouver un tag (une d\'efinition)}{M-.}
+\key{trouver l'occurrence suivante du tag}{C-u M-.}
+\metax{sp\'ecifier un nouveau fichier de tags}{M-x visit-tags-table}
+
+\metax{rechercher par expr. rationnelles dans tous les fichiers du
+  tableau de tags}{M-x tags-search}
+\metax{lancer un remplacement interactif sur tous les fichiers}{M-x tags-query-replace}
+\key{continuer la derni\`ere recherche de tags ou le remplacement interactif}{M-,}
+
+\section{Shells}
+
+\key{ex\'ecuter une commande shell}{M-!}
+\key{lancer une commande shell sur la r\'egion}{M-|}
+\key{filtrer la r\'egion avec une commande shell}{C-u M-|}
+\key{lancer un shell dans la fen\^etre \kbd{*shell*}}{M-x shell}
+
+\section{Rectangles}
+
+\key{copier le rectangle dans le registre}{C-x r r}
+\key{d\'etruire le rectangle}{C-x r k}
+\key{r\'ecup\'erer le rectangle}{C-x r y}
+\key{ouvrir le rectangle, en d\'ecalant le texte � droite}{C-x r o}
+\key{vider le rectangle}{C-x r c}
+\key{pr\'efixer chaque ligne avec une cha\^\i{}ne}{C-x r t}
+
+\section{Abr\'eviations}
+
+\key{ajouter une abr\'eviation globale}{C-x a g}
+\key{ajouter une abr\'eviation locale au mode}{C-x a l}
+\key{ajouter une expansion globale pour cette abr\'eviation}{C-x a i g}
+\key{ajouter une expansion locale au mode pour cette abr\'eviation}{C-x a i l}
+\key{faire une expansion explicite de cette abr\'eviation}{C-x a e}
+
+\key{faire une expansion dynamique du mot pr\'ec\'edent}{M-/}
+
+\section{Expressions rationnelles}
+
+\key{un unique caract\`ere quelconque, sauf une fin de ligne}{. {\rm(point)}}
+\key{z\'ero r\'ep\'etition ou plus}{*}
+\key{une r\'ep\'etition ou plus}{+}
+\key{z\'ero ou une r\'ep\'etition}{?}
+\key{caract\`ere sp\'ecial pour quoter l'expression rationnelle {\it c\/}}{\\{\it c}}
+\key{alternative (``ou'')}{\\|}
+\key{regroupement}{\\( {\rm$\ldots$} \\)}
+\key{le m\^eme texte que dans le {\it n\/}i\`eme groupe}{\\{\it n}}
+\key{limite de mot}{\\b}
+\key{non limite de mot}{\\B}
+
+\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
+\threecol{{\bf entit\'e}}{{\bf d\'ebut}}{{\bf fin}}
+\threecol{ligne}{^}{\$}
+\threecol{mot}{\\<}{\\>}
+\threecol{tampon}{\\`}{\\'}
+
+\threecol{{\bf classe de caract\`ere}}{{\bf correspond}}{{\bf correspond
+    � d'autres}}
+\threecol{ensemble explicite}{[ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}{[^ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}
+\threecol{caract\`ere de mot}{\\w}{\\W}
+\threecol{caract\`ere avec la syntaxe {\it c}}{\\s{\it c}}{\\S{\it c}}
+}
+
+\section{Jeux de caract\`eres internationaux}
+
+\metax{indiquer la langue principale}{M-x set-language-environment}
+\metax{montrer toutes les m\'ethodes de saisie}{M-x list-input-methods}
+\key{activer ou d\'esactiver la m\'ethode de saisie}{C-\\}
+\key{choisir le syst\`eme de codage pour la commande suivante}{C-x RET c}
+\metax{montrer tous les syst\`emes de codage}{M-x list-coding-systems}
+\metax{choisir le syst\`eme de codage pr\'ef\'er\'e}{M-x prefer-coding-system}
+
+\section{Info}
+
+\key{entrer dans le visualisateur de la documentation Info}{C-h i}
+\key{chercher une fonction ou une variable pr\'ecise dans Info}{C-h C-i}
+\beginindentedkeys
+
+Se d\'eplacer dans un n\oe{}ud :
+
+\key{une page plus bas}{SPC}
+\key{une page plus haut}{DEL}
+\key{d\'ebut du n\oe{}ud}{. {\rm (point)}}
+
+Passer de n\oe{}ud en n\oe{}ud :
+
+\key{n\oe{}ud {\bf suivant}}{n}
+\key{n\oe{}ud {\bf pr\'ec\'edent}}{p}
+\key{aller {\bf plus haut}}{u}
+\key{choisir un sujet de menu par son nom}{m}
+\key{choisir le {\it n\/}i\`eme sujet de menu par son num\'ero (1--9)}{{\it n}}
+\key{suivre une r\'ef\'erence crois\'ee  (on revient avec \kbd{l})}{f}
+\key{revenir au dernier n\oe{}ud visit\'e}{l}
+\key{revenir au n\oe{}ud du r\'epertoire}{d}
+\key{aller sur n'importe quel n\oe{}ud par son nom}{g}
+
+Autres :
+
+\key{lancer le {\bf didacticiel} Info}{h}
+\key{{\bf quitter} Info}{q}
+\key{rechercher les n\oe{}uds avec une expression rationnelle}{M-s}
+
+\endindentedkeys
+
+\section{Registres}
+
+\key{sauver la r\'egion dans un registre}{C-x r s}
+\key{ins\'erer le contenu du registre dans le tampon}{C-x r i}
+
+\key{sauver la valeur du point dans un registre}{C-x r SPC}
+\key{sauter au point sauv\'e dans le registre}{C-x r j}
+
+\section{Macros clavier}
+
+\key{{\bf lancer} la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier}{C-x (}
+\key{{\bf terminer} la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier}{C-x )}
+\key{{\bf ex\'ecuter} la derni\`ere macro clavier d\'efinie}{C-x e}
+\key{ajouter � la derni\`ere macro clavier}{C-u C-x (}
+\metax{donner un nom � la derni\`ere macro clavier}{M-x name-last-kbd-macro}
+\metax{ins\'erer une d\'efinition Lisp dans le tampon}{M-x insert-kbd-macro}
+
+\section{Commandes de gestion d'Emacs Lisp}
+
+\key{\'evaluer la {\bf s-expression} situ\'ee avant le point}{C-x C-e}
+\key{\'evaluer la {\bf defun} courante}{C-M-x}
+\metax{\'evaluer la {\bf r\'egion}}{M-x eval-region}
+\key{lire et \'evaluer le mini-tampon}{M-:}
+\metax{charger � partir du r\'epertoire syst\`eme standard}{M-x load-library}
+
+\section{Personnalisation simple}
+
+\metax{personnaliser les variables et les fontes}{M-x customize}
+
+% The intended audience here is the person who wants to make simple
+% customizations and knows Lisp syntax.
+
+Cr\'eation de liaisons de touches globales en Emacs Lisp (exemples):
+
+\beginexample%
+(global-set-key "\\C-cg" 'goto-line)
+(global-set-key "\\M-\#" 'query-replace-regexp)
+\endexample
+
+\section{\'Ecriture de commandes}
+
+\beginexample%
+(defun \<nom-commande> (\<args>)
+  "\<documentation>" (interactive "\<template>")
+  \<body>)
+\endexample
+
+Exemple :
+
+\beginexample%
+(defun cette-ligne-en-haut-de-la-fenetre (line)
+  "Repositionne la ligne du point en haut de la fenetre.
+Avec ARG, place le point sur la ligne ARG."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (recenter (if (null line)
+                0
+              (prefix-numeric-value line))))
+\endexample
+
+La sp\'ecification \kbd{interactive} indique comment lire
+interactivement les param\`etres. Faites \kbd{C-h f interactive} pour
+plus de pr\'ecisions.
+
+\copyrightnotice
+
+\bye
+
+% Local variables:
+% compile-command: "tex refcard"
+% End:
author	Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>	2000-12-29 13:29:13 +0000
committer	Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>	2000-12-29 13:29:13 +0000
commit	5e56e175e9a94579114956067aa42cfe5dd53ce4 (patch)
tree	7a2a95f2336611df7d60abc6fa4ef042b346737c /etc
parent	49172314026bc80ccaa4093bea957fb2296e5131 (diff)
download	emacs-5e56e175e9a94579114956067aa42cfe5dd53ce4.tar.gz